A set of codes specifying the modality by which the Entity playing the Role is participating in the Act. Examples: Physically present, over the telephone, written communication. Rationale: Particularly for author (originator) participants this is used to specify whether the information represented by the act was initially provided verbally, (hand-)written, or electronically. Open Issue: There needs to be a reexamination of the hierarchies as there seems to be some muddling between ELECTRONIC and other concepts that involve electronic communication that are in other hierarchies.