This code system http://hl7.org/fhir/measure-type defines the following codes:

CodeDisplayDefinition
processProcessA measure which focuses on a process which leads to a certain outcome, meaning that a scientific basis exists for believing that the process, when executed well, will increase the probability of achieving a desired outcome
outcomeOutcomeA measure that indicates the result of the performance (or non-performance) of a function or process
structureStructureA measure that focuses on a health care provider's capacity, systems, and processes to provide high-quality care
patient-reported-outcomePatient Reported OutcomeA measure that focuses on patient-reported information such as patient engagement or patient experience measures
compositeCompositeA measure that combines multiple component measures in to a single quality measure