This code system http://hl7.org/fhir/search-param-type defines the following codes:

CodeDisplayDefinition
numberNumberSearch parameter SHALL be a number (a whole number, or a decimal).
dateDate/DateTimeSearch parameter is on a date/time. The date format is the standard XML format, though other formats may be supported.
stringStringSearch parameter is a simple string, like a name part. Search is case-insensitive and accent-insensitive. May match just the start of a string. String parameters may contain spaces.
tokenTokenSearch parameter on a coded element or identifier. May be used to search through the text, displayname, code and code/codesystem (for codes) and label, system and key (for identifier). Its value is either a string or a pair of namespace and value, separated by a "|", depending on the modifier used.
referenceReferenceA reference to another resource.
compositeCompositeA composite search parameter that combines a search on two values together.
quantityQuantityA search parameter that searches on a quantity.
uriURIA search parameter that searches on a URI (RFC 3986).