NHSDigital-Observation
Conformance url | FHIR Module | Maturity Level |
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https://fhir.nhs.uk/StructureDefinition/NHSDigital-Observation | Diagnostics | trial-use |
Combined with
UK Core Observation
Observation | I | Observation | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation Measurements and simple assertions Alternate namesVital Signs, Measurement, Results, Tests DefinitionMeasurements and simple assertions made about a patient, device or other subject. Used for simple observations such as device measurements, laboratory atomic results, vital signs, height, weight, smoking status, comments, etc. Other resources are used to provide context for observations such as laboratory reports, etc.
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extension | I | 0..* | Extension | Element IdObservation.extension Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Constraints
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covid19Testing | S I | 0..1 | Extension(Complex) | Element IdObservation.extension:covid19Testing Optional Extensions Element Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionOptional Extension Element - found in all resources. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Extension(Complex) Extension URLhttps://fhir.nhs.uk/StructureDefinition/Extension-COVID19-TestResult Constraints
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identifier | S Σ | 1..* | Identifier | Element IdObservation.identifier Business Identifier for observation DefinitionA unique identifier assigned to this observation. For COVID-19 Test History this will be The identifier will be the specimen id.
Allows observations to be distinguished and referenced.
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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basedOn | Σ I | 0..* | Reference(DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | NutritionOrder | UK Core CarePlan | UK Core MedicationRequest | UK Core ServiceRequest) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn Fulfills plan, proposal or order Alternate namesFulfills DefinitionA plan, proposal or order that is fulfilled in whole or in part by this event. For example, a MedicationRequest may require a patient to have laboratory test performed before it is dispensed. Allows tracing of authorization for the event and tracking whether proposals/recommendations were acted upon. References SHALL be a reference to an actual FHIR resource, and SHALL be resolveable (allowing for access control, temporary unavailability, etc.). Resolution can be either by retrieval from the URL, or, where applicable by resource type, by treating an absolute reference as a canonical URL and looking it up in a local registry/repository. Reference(DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | NutritionOrder | UK Core CarePlan | UK Core MedicationRequest | UK Core ServiceRequest) Constraints
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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partOf | Σ I | 0..* | Reference(UK Core Imaging Study | UK Core Immunization | UK Core MedicationAdministration | UK Core MedicationDispense | UK Core MedicationStatement | UK Core Procedure) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf Part of referenced event Alternate namesContainer DefinitionA larger event of which this particular Observation is a component or step. For example, an observation as part of a procedure. To link an Observation to an Encounter use Reference(UK Core Imaging Study | UK Core Immunization | UK Core MedicationAdministration | UK Core MedicationDispense | UK Core MedicationStatement | UK Core Procedure) Constraints
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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status | S Σ ?! | 1..1 | codeBinding | Element IdObservation.status registered | preliminary | final | amended + DefinitionThe status of the result value. For COVID-19 Test History the status of the observation will always be
Need to track the status of individual results. Some results are finalized before the whole report is finalized. This element is labeled as a modifier because the status contains codes that mark the resource as not currently valid. Codes providing the status of an observation. ObservationStatus (required)Constraints
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category | S | 0..* | CodeableConceptBinding | Element IdObservation.category Classification of type of observation DefinitionThis is an optional element. If used the category will always be
For COVID-19 Tests, the ValueSet SHOULD be used to indicate which test pillar the observation originated.
Used for filtering what observations are retrieved and displayed. In addition to the required category valueset, this element allows various categorization schemes based on the owner’s definition of the category and effectively multiple categories can be used at once. The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set. Unordered, Open, by coding.system(Value) Binding Codes for high level observation categories. ObservationCategory (required)Constraints
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(All Slices) | There are no (further) constraints on this element | |||
coding | Σ | 1..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category.coding Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.
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system | S Σ | 1..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category.coding.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
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version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category.coding.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.
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code | S Σ | 1..1 | code | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category.coding.code Symbol in syntax defined by the system DefinitionA symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). Need to refer to a particular code in the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category.coding.display Representation defined by the system DefinitionA representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category.coding.userSelected If this coding was chosen directly by the user DefinitionIndicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.
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text | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category.text Plain text representation of the concept DefinitionA human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user. The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source. Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.
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COVID-TestPillar | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar Classification of type of observation DefinitionA code that classifies the general type of observation being made. Used for filtering what observations are retrieved and displayed. In addition to the required category valueset, this element allows various categorization schemes based on the owner’s definition of the category and effectively multiple categories can be used at once. The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set. Codes for high level observation categories. ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred)Constraints
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coding | Σ | 0..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar.coding Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uriFixed Value | Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar.coding.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
https://fhir.nhs.uk/CodeSystem/covid-test-pillar
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version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar.coding.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.
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code | Σ | 0..1 | code | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar.coding.code Symbol in syntax defined by the system DefinitionA symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). Need to refer to a particular code in the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar.coding.display Representation defined by the system DefinitionA representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar.coding.userSelected If this coding was chosen directly by the user DefinitionIndicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.
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text | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar.text Plain text representation of the concept DefinitionA human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user. The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source. Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.
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UKCoreCategory | 0..* | CodeableConceptBinding | Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory Classification of type of observation DefinitionA code that classifies the general type of observation being made. Used for filtering what observations are retrieved and displayed. In addition to the required category valueset, this element allows various categorization schemes based on the owner’s definition of the category and effectively multiple categories can be used at once. The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set. Codes for high level observation categories. ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred)Constraints
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coding | Σ | 0..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory.coding Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uriFixed Value | Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory.coding.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
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version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory.coding.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.
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code | Σ | 0..1 | code | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory.coding.code Symbol in syntax defined by the system DefinitionA symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). Need to refer to a particular code in the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory.coding.display Representation defined by the system DefinitionA representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory.coding.userSelected If this coding was chosen directly by the user DefinitionIndicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.
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text | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory.text Plain text representation of the concept DefinitionA human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user. The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source. Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.
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code | S Σ | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Element IdObservation.code Type of observation (code / type) Alternate namesName DefinitionType of observation, for COVID-10 see Observation Definition for
Knowing what kind of observation is being made is essential to understanding the observation. All code-value and, if present, component.code-component.value pairs need to be taken into account to correctly understand the meaning of the observation. Codes identifying names of simple observations. LOINCCodes (example)Constraints
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coding | Σ | 0..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true. Unordered, Open, by system(Value) Constraints
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snomedCT | Σ | 0..* | CodingBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:snomedCT Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true. A code from the SNOMED Clinical Terminology UK coding system describing a type of observation UKCoreObservationType (preferred)Constraints
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system | Σ | 1..1 | uriFixed Value | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:snomedCT.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
http://snomed.info/sct
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version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:snomedCT.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.
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code | Σ | 1..1 | code | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:snomedCT.code Symbol in syntax defined by the system DefinitionA symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). Need to refer to a particular code in the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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display | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:snomedCT.display Representation defined by the system DefinitionA representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:snomedCT.userSelected If this coding was chosen directly by the user DefinitionIndicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.
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loinc | Σ | 0..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:loinc Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.
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system | Σ | 1..1 | uriFixed Value | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:loinc.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
http://loinc.org
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version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:loinc.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.
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code | Σ | 1..1 | code | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:loinc.code Symbol in syntax defined by the system DefinitionA symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). Need to refer to a particular code in the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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display | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:loinc.display Representation defined by the system DefinitionA representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:loinc.userSelected If this coding was chosen directly by the user DefinitionIndicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.
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text | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.text Plain text representation of the concept DefinitionA human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user. The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source. Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.
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subject | S Σ I | 1..1 | Reference(Group | UK Core Device | UK Core Location | NHSDigitalPatientMinimal) | Element IdObservation.subject Who and/or what the observation is about DefinitionThe NHS Number will be an identifier reference which can be used with PDS FHIR API to return Patient demographics. If a local Patient is available, a reference to this will be present (e.g. "Patient/123")
Observations have no value if you don't know who or what they're about. One would expect this element to be a cardinality of 1..1. The only circumstance in which the subject can be missing is when the observation is made by a device that does not know the patient. In this case, the observation SHALL be matched to a patient through some context/channel matching technique, and at this point, the observation should be updated. Reference(Group | UK Core Device | UK Core Location | NHSDigitalPatientMinimal) Constraints
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 1..1 | uriFixed Value | Element IdObservation.subject.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
https://fhir.nhs.uk/Id/nhs-number
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value | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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focus | Σ I | 0..* | Reference(Resource) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record DefinitionThe actual focus of an observation when it is not the patient of record representing something or someone associated with the patient such as a spouse, parent, fetus, or donor. For example, fetus observations in a mother's record. The focus of an observation could also be an existing condition, an intervention, the subject's diet, another observation of the subject, or a body structure such as tumor or implanted device. An example use case would be using the Observation resource to capture whether the mother is trained to change her child's tracheostomy tube. In this example, the child is the patient of record and the mother is the focus. Typically, an observation is made about the subject - a patient, or group of patients, location, or device - and the distinction between the subject and what is directly measured for an observation is specified in the observation code itself ( e.g., "Blood Glucose") and does not need to be represented separately using this element. Use
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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encounter | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Encounter) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter Healthcare event during which this observation is made Alternate namesContext DefinitionThe healthcare event (e.g. a patient and healthcare provider interaction) during which this observation is made. For some observations it may be important to know the link between an observation and a particular encounter. This will typically be the encounter the event occurred within, but some events may be initiated prior to or after the official completion of an encounter but still be tied to the context of the encounter (e.g. pre-admission laboratory tests).
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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effective[x] | S Σ | 1..1 | Element IdObservation.effective[x] Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Alternate namesOccurrence DefinitionThe date and time the result was asserted.
Knowing when an observation was deemed true is important to its relevance as well as determining trends. At least a date should be present unless this observation is a historical report. For recording imprecise or "fuzzy" times (For example, a blood glucose measurement taken "after breakfast") use the Timing datatype which allow the measurement to be tied to regular life events.
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effectiveDateTime | dateTime | Data Type | ||
issued | Σ | 0..1 | instant | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.issued Date/Time this version was made available DefinitionThe date and time this version of the observation was made available to providers, typically after the results have been reviewed and verified. For Observations that don’t require review and verification, it may be the same as the
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performer | S Σ I | 0..* | NHSDigitalReference(NHSDigitalOrganization | UK Core CareTeam | NHSDigitalPatient | NHSDigitalPractitionerRoleMinimal) | Element IdObservation.performer A reference from one resource to another DefinitionWho was responsible for asserting the observed value as "true".
May give a degree of confidence in the observation and also indicates where follow-up questions should be directed. References SHALL be a reference to an actual FHIR resource, and SHALL be resolveable (allowing for access control, temporary unavailability, etc.). Resolution can be either by retrieval from the URL, or, where applicable by resource type, by treating an absolute reference as a canonical URL and looking it up in a local registry/repository. NHSDigitalReference(NHSDigitalOrganization | UK Core CareTeam | NHSDigitalPatient | NHSDigitalPractitionerRoleMinimal) Allowed aggregation: referenced Constraints
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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value[x] | S Σ I | 0..1 | Element IdObservation.value[x] Actual result DefinitionCOVID-19 valueCodeableConceptThe COVID 19 test result. This is a SNOMED CT from the valueSet associated with the
An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations. An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
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valueQuantity | Quantity | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueCodeableConcept | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueString | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueBoolean | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueInteger | integer | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueRange | Range | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueRatio | Ratio | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueSampledData | SampledData | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueTime | time | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueDateTime | dateTime | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valuePeriod | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
dataAbsentReason | I | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.dataAbsentReason Why the result is missing DefinitionProvides a reason why the expected value in the element Observation.value[x] is missing. For many results it is necessary to handle exceptional values in measurements. Null or exceptional values can be represented two ways in FHIR Observations. One way is to simply include them in the value set and represent the exceptions in the value. For example, measurement values for a serology test could be "detected", "not detected", "inconclusive", or "specimen unsatisfactory". The alternate way is to use the value element for actual observations and use the explicit dataAbsentReason element to record exceptional values. For example, the dataAbsentReason code "error" could be used when the measurement was not completed. Note that an observation may only be reported if there are values to report. For example differential cell counts values may be reported only when > 0. Because of these options, use-case agreements are required to interpret general observations for null or exceptional values. Codes specifying why the result (`Observation.value[x]`) is missing. DataAbsentReason (extensible)Constraints
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interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.interpretation High, low, normal, etc. Alternate namesAbnormal Flag DefinitionA categorical assessment of an observation value. For example, high, low, normal. For some results, particularly numeric results, an interpretation is necessary to fully understand the significance of a result. Historically used for laboratory results (known as 'abnormal flag' ), its use extends to other use cases where coded interpretations are relevant. Often reported as one or more simple compact codes this element is often placed adjacent to the result value in reports and flow sheets to signal the meaning/normalcy status of the result. Codes identifying interpretations of observations. ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible)Constraints
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note | 0..* | Annotation | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.note Comments about the observation DefinitionComments about the observation or the results. Need to be able to provide free text additional information. May include general statements about the observation, or statements about significant, unexpected or unreliable results values, or information about its source when relevant to its interpretation.
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author[x] | Σ | 0..1 | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.note.author[x] Individual responsible for the annotation DefinitionThe individual responsible for making the annotation. Organization is used when there's no need for specific attribution as to who made the comment.
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authorString | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
authorReference | Reference(UK Core Organization | UK Core Patient | UK Core Practitioner | UK Core RelatedPerson) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type Reference(UK Core Organization | UK Core Patient | UK Core Practitioner | UK Core RelatedPerson) | ||
time | Σ | 0..1 | dateTime | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.note.time When the annotation was made DefinitionIndicates when this particular annotation was made.
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text | Σ | 1..1 | markdown | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.note.text The annotation - text content (as markdown) DefinitionThe text of the annotation in markdown format. Systems are not required to have markdown support, so the text should be readable without markdown processing. The markdown syntax is GFM - see https://github.github.com/gfm/
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bodySite | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.bodySite Observed body part DefinitionIndicates the site on the subject's body where the observation was made (i.e. the target site). Only used if not implicit in code found in Observation.code. In many systems, this may be represented as a related observation instead of an inline component. If the use case requires BodySite to be handled as a separate resource (e.g. to identify and track separately) then use the standard extension bodySite. Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality. SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example)Constraints
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coding | Σ | 0..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.bodySite.coding Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true. Unordered, Open, by code(Value), system(Value) Constraints
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snomedCT | Σ | 0..1 | CodingBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.bodySite.coding:snomedCT Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true. A code from the SNOMED Clinical Terminology UK with the expression (<<442083009 |anatomical or acquired body structure|) UKCoreBodySite (preferred)Constraints
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system | Σ | 1..1 | uriFixed Value | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.bodySite.coding:snomedCT.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
http://snomed.info/sct
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version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.bodySite.coding:snomedCT.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.
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code | Σ | 1..1 | code | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.bodySite.coding:snomedCT.code Symbol in syntax defined by the system DefinitionA symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). Need to refer to a particular code in the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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display | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.bodySite.coding:snomedCT.display Representation defined by the system DefinitionA representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.bodySite.coding:snomedCT.userSelected If this coding was chosen directly by the user DefinitionIndicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.
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text | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.bodySite.text Plain text representation of the concept DefinitionA human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user. The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source. Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.
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method | S | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | Element IdObservation.method How it was done DefinitionThe name of the test that was performed, this is a SNOMED CT concept.
In some cases, method can impact results and is thus used for determining whether results can be compared or determining significance of results. Only used if not implicit in code for Observation.code. Methods for simple observations. ObservationMethods (extensible)Constraints
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coding | Σ | 0..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.method.coding Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.
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system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.method.coding.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
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version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.method.coding.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.
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code | Σ | 1..1 | code | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.method.coding.code Symbol in syntax defined by the system DefinitionA symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). Need to refer to a particular code in the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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display | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.method.coding.display Representation defined by the system DefinitionA representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.method.coding.userSelected If this coding was chosen directly by the user DefinitionIndicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.
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text | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.method.text Plain text representation of the concept DefinitionA human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user. The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source. Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.
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specimen | S I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Specimen) | Element IdObservation.specimen Specimen used for this observation DefinitionFor COVID-19 Test History. The identifier of the specimen used for the test.
Should only be used if not implicit in code found in
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.specimen.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.specimen.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.specimen.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.specimen.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.specimen.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.specimen.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.specimen.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.specimen.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.specimen.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.specimen.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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device | S I | 0..1 | Reference(DeviceMetric | UK Core Device) | Element IdObservation.device (Measurement) Device DefinitionDetails of the COVID-19 test kit used.
Note that this is not meant to represent a device involved in the transmission of the result, e.g., a gateway. Such devices may be documented using the Provenance resource where relevant. Reference(DeviceMetric | UK Core Device) Constraints
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.device.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.device.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.device.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.device.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.device.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.device.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.device.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.device.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.device.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.device.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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referenceRange | I | 0..* | BackboneElement | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.referenceRange Provides guide for interpretation DefinitionGuidance on how to interpret the value by comparison to a normal or recommended range. Multiple reference ranges are interpreted as an "OR". In other words, to represent two distinct target populations, two Knowing what values are considered "normal" can help evaluate the significance of a particular result. Need to be able to provide multiple reference ranges for different contexts. Most observations only have one generic reference range. Systems MAY choose to restrict to only supplying the relevant reference range based on knowledge about the patient (e.g., specific to the patient's age, gender, weight and other factors), but this might not be possible or appropriate. Whenever more than one reference range is supplied, the differences between them SHOULD be provided in the reference range and/or age properties.
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low | I | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.referenceRange.low Low Range, if relevant DefinitionThe value of the low bound of the reference range. The low bound of the reference range endpoint is inclusive of the value (e.g. reference range is >=5 - <=9). If the low bound is omitted, it is assumed to be meaningless (e.g. reference range is <=2.3). The context of use may frequently define what kind of quantity this is and therefore what kind of units can be used. The context of use may also restrict the values for the comparator.
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high | I | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.referenceRange.high High Range, if relevant DefinitionThe value of the high bound of the reference range. The high bound of the reference range endpoint is inclusive of the value (e.g. reference range is >=5 - <=9). If the high bound is omitted, it is assumed to be meaningless (e.g. reference range is >= 2.3). The context of use may frequently define what kind of quantity this is and therefore what kind of units can be used. The context of use may also restrict the values for the comparator.
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type | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.referenceRange.type Reference range qualifier DefinitionCodes to indicate the what part of the targeted reference population it applies to. For example, the normal or therapeutic range. Need to be able to say what kind of reference range this is - normal, recommended, therapeutic, etc., - for proper interpretation. This SHOULD be populated if there is more than one range. If this element is not present then the normal range is assumed. Code for the meaning of a reference range. ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred)Constraints
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appliesTo | 0..* | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.referenceRange.appliesTo Reference range population DefinitionCodes to indicate the target population this reference range applies to. For example, a reference range may be based on the normal population or a particular sex or race. Multiple Need to be able to identify the target population for proper interpretation. This SHOULD be populated if there is more than one range. If this element is not present then the normal population is assumed. Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to. ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example)Constraints
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age | I | 0..1 | Range | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.referenceRange.age Applicable age range, if relevant DefinitionThe age at which this reference range is applicable. This is a neonatal age (e.g. number of weeks at term) if the meaning says so. Some analytes vary greatly over age. The stated low and high value are assumed to have arbitrarily high precision when it comes to determining which values are in the range. I.e. 1.99 is not in the range 2 -> 3.
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text | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.referenceRange.text Text based reference range in an observation DefinitionText based reference range in an observation which may be used when a quantitative range is not appropriate for an observation. An example would be a reference value of "Negative" or a list or table of "normals". Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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hasMember | Σ I | 0..* | Reference(MolecularSequence | UK Core Observation | UK Core QuestionnaireResponse) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.hasMember Related resource that belongs to the Observation group DefinitionThis observation is a group observation (e.g. a battery, a panel of tests, a set of vital sign measurements) that includes the target as a member of the group. When using this element, an observation will typically have either a value or a set of related resources, although both may be present in some cases. For a discussion on the ways Observations can assembled in groups together, see Notes below. Note that a system may calculate results from QuestionnaireResponse into a final score and represent the score as an Observation. Reference(MolecularSequence | UK Core Observation | UK Core QuestionnaireResponse) Constraints
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.hasMember.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.hasMember.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.hasMember.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.hasMember.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.hasMember.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.hasMember.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.hasMember.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.hasMember.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.hasMember.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.hasMember.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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derivedFrom | Σ I | 0..* | Reference(Media | MolecularSequence | UK Core DocumentReference | UK Core Imaging Study | UK Core Observation | UK Core QuestionnaireResponse) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.derivedFrom Related measurements the observation is made from DefinitionThe target resource that represents a measurement from which this observation value is derived. For example, a calculated anion gap or a fetal measurement based on an ultrasound image. All the reference choices that are listed in this element can represent clinical observations and other measurements that may be the source for a derived value. The most common reference will be another Observation. For a discussion on the ways Observations can assembled in groups together, see Notes below. Reference(Media | MolecularSequence | UK Core DocumentReference | UK Core Imaging Study | UK Core Observation | UK Core QuestionnaireResponse) Constraints
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.derivedFrom.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.derivedFrom.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.derivedFrom.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.derivedFrom.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.derivedFrom.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.derivedFrom.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.derivedFrom.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.derivedFrom.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.derivedFrom.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.derivedFrom.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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component | Σ | 0..* | BackboneElement | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.component Component results DefinitionSome observations have multiple component observations. These component observations are expressed as separate code value pairs that share the same attributes. Examples include systolic and diastolic component observations for blood pressure measurement and multiple component observations for genetics observations. Component observations share the same attributes in the Observation resource as the primary observation and are always treated a part of a single observation (they are not separable). However, the reference range for the primary observation value is not inherited by the component values and is required when appropriate for each component observation. For a discussion on the ways Observations can be assembled in groups together see Notes below.
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code | Σ | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.component.code Type of component observation (code / type) DefinitionDescribes what was observed. Sometimes this is called the observation "code". Knowing what kind of observation is being made is essential to understanding the observation. All code-value and component.code-component.value pairs need to be taken into account to correctly understand the meaning of the observation. Codes identifying names of simple observations. LOINCCodes (example)Constraints
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coding | Σ | 0..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.component.code.coding Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true. Unordered, Open, by code(Value), system(Value) Constraints
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snomedCT | Σ | 0..* | CodingBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.component.code.coding:snomedCT Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true. A code from the SNOMED Clinical Terminology UK coding system describing a type of observation UKCoreObservationType (preferred)Constraints
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system | Σ | 1..1 | uriFixed Value | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.component.code.coding:snomedCT.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
http://snomed.info/sct
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version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.component.code.coding:snomedCT.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.
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code | Σ | 1..1 | code | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.component.code.coding:snomedCT.code Symbol in syntax defined by the system DefinitionA symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). Need to refer to a particular code in the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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display | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.component.code.coding:snomedCT.display Representation defined by the system DefinitionA representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.component.code.coding:snomedCT.userSelected If this coding was chosen directly by the user DefinitionIndicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.
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text | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.component.code.text Plain text representation of the concept DefinitionA human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user. The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source. Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.
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value[x] | Σ | 0..1 | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.component.value[x] Actual component result DefinitionThe information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value. An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations. Used when observation has a set of component observations. An observation may have both a value (e.g. an Apgar score) and component observations (the observations from which the Apgar score was derived). If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
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valueQuantity | Quantity | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueCodeableConcept | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueString | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueBoolean | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueInteger | integer | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueRange | Range | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueRatio | Ratio | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueSampledData | SampledData | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueTime | time | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueDateTime | dateTime | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valuePeriod | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
dataAbsentReason | I | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.component.dataAbsentReason Why the component result is missing DefinitionProvides a reason why the expected value in the element Observation.component.value[x] is missing. For many results it is necessary to handle exceptional values in measurements. "Null" or exceptional values can be represented two ways in FHIR Observations. One way is to simply include them in the value set and represent the exceptions in the value. For example, measurement values for a serology test could be "detected", "not detected", "inconclusive", or "test not done". The alternate way is to use the value element for actual observations and use the explicit dataAbsentReason element to record exceptional values. For example, the dataAbsentReason code "error" could be used when the measurement was not completed. Because of these options, use-case agreements are required to interpret general observations for exceptional values. Codes specifying why the result (`Observation.value[x]`) is missing. DataAbsentReason (extensible)Constraints
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interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.component.interpretation High, low, normal, etc. Alternate namesAbnormal Flag DefinitionA categorical assessment of an observation value. For example, high, low, normal. For some results, particularly numeric results, an interpretation is necessary to fully understand the significance of a result. Historically used for laboratory results (known as 'abnormal flag' ), its use extends to other use cases where coded interpretations are relevant. Often reported as one or more simple compact codes this element is often placed adjacent to the result value in reports and flow sheets to signal the meaning/normalcy status of the result. Codes identifying interpretations of observations. ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible)Constraints
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referenceRange | 0..* | see (referenceRange) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.component.referenceRange Provides guide for interpretation of component result DefinitionGuidance on how to interpret the value by comparison to a normal or recommended range. Knowing what values are considered "normal" can help evaluate the significance of a particular result. Need to be able to provide multiple reference ranges for different contexts. Most observations only have one generic reference range. Systems MAY choose to restrict to only supplying the relevant reference range based on knowledge about the patient (e.g., specific to the patient's age, gender, weight and other factors), but this might not be possible or appropriate. Whenever more than one reference range is supplied, the differences between them SHOULD be provided in the reference range and/or age properties.
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from UK Core Observation
Observation | I | Observation | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation Measurements and simple assertions Alternate namesVital Signs, Measurement, Results, Tests DefinitionMeasurements and simple assertions made about a patient, device or other subject. Used for simple observations such as device measurements, laboratory atomic results, vital signs, height, weight, smoking status, comments, etc. Other resources are used to provide context for observations such as laboratory reports, etc.
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extension | I | 0..* | Extension | Element IdObservation.extension Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Constraints
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covid19Testing | S I | 0..1 | Extension(Complex) | Element IdObservation.extension:covid19Testing Optional Extensions Element Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionOptional Extension Element - found in all resources. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Extension(Complex) Extension URLhttps://fhir.nhs.uk/StructureDefinition/Extension-COVID19-TestResult Constraints
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identifier | S Σ | 1..* | Identifier | Element IdObservation.identifier Business Identifier for observation DefinitionA unique identifier assigned to this observation. For COVID-19 Test History this will be The identifier will be the specimen id.
Allows observations to be distinguished and referenced.
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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basedOn | Σ I | 0..* | Reference(DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | NutritionOrder | UK Core CarePlan | UK Core MedicationRequest | UK Core ServiceRequest) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn Fulfills plan, proposal or order Alternate namesFulfills DefinitionA plan, proposal or order that is fulfilled in whole or in part by this event. For example, a MedicationRequest may require a patient to have laboratory test performed before it is dispensed. Allows tracing of authorization for the event and tracking whether proposals/recommendations were acted upon. References SHALL be a reference to an actual FHIR resource, and SHALL be resolveable (allowing for access control, temporary unavailability, etc.). Resolution can be either by retrieval from the URL, or, where applicable by resource type, by treating an absolute reference as a canonical URL and looking it up in a local registry/repository. Reference(DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | NutritionOrder | UK Core CarePlan | UK Core MedicationRequest | UK Core ServiceRequest) Constraints
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.basedOn.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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partOf | Σ I | 0..* | Reference(UK Core Imaging Study | UK Core Immunization | UK Core MedicationAdministration | UK Core MedicationDispense | UK Core MedicationStatement | UK Core Procedure) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf Part of referenced event Alternate namesContainer DefinitionA larger event of which this particular Observation is a component or step. For example, an observation as part of a procedure. To link an Observation to an Encounter use Reference(UK Core Imaging Study | UK Core Immunization | UK Core MedicationAdministration | UK Core MedicationDispense | UK Core MedicationStatement | UK Core Procedure) Constraints
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.partOf.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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status | S Σ ?! | 1..1 | codeBinding | Element IdObservation.status registered | preliminary | final | amended + DefinitionThe status of the result value. For COVID-19 Test History the status of the observation will always be
Need to track the status of individual results. Some results are finalized before the whole report is finalized. This element is labeled as a modifier because the status contains codes that mark the resource as not currently valid. Codes providing the status of an observation. ObservationStatus (required)Constraints
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category | S | 0..* | CodeableConceptBinding | Element IdObservation.category Classification of type of observation DefinitionThis is an optional element. If used the category will always be
For COVID-19 Tests, the ValueSet SHOULD be used to indicate which test pillar the observation originated.
Used for filtering what observations are retrieved and displayed. In addition to the required category valueset, this element allows various categorization schemes based on the owner’s definition of the category and effectively multiple categories can be used at once. The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set. Unordered, Open, by coding.system(Value) Binding Codes for high level observation categories. ObservationCategory (required)Constraints
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(All Slices) | There are no (further) constraints on this element | |||
coding | Σ | 1..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category.coding Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.
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system | S Σ | 1..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category.coding.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
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version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category.coding.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.
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code | S Σ | 1..1 | code | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category.coding.code Symbol in syntax defined by the system DefinitionA symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). Need to refer to a particular code in the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category.coding.display Representation defined by the system DefinitionA representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category.coding.userSelected If this coding was chosen directly by the user DefinitionIndicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.
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text | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category.text Plain text representation of the concept DefinitionA human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user. The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source. Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.
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COVID-TestPillar | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar Classification of type of observation DefinitionA code that classifies the general type of observation being made. Used for filtering what observations are retrieved and displayed. In addition to the required category valueset, this element allows various categorization schemes based on the owner’s definition of the category and effectively multiple categories can be used at once. The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set. Codes for high level observation categories. ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred)Constraints
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coding | Σ | 0..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar.coding Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uriFixed Value | Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar.coding.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
https://fhir.nhs.uk/CodeSystem/covid-test-pillar
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version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar.coding.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.
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code | Σ | 0..1 | code | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar.coding.code Symbol in syntax defined by the system DefinitionA symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). Need to refer to a particular code in the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar.coding.display Representation defined by the system DefinitionA representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar.coding.userSelected If this coding was chosen directly by the user DefinitionIndicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.
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text | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:COVID-TestPillar.text Plain text representation of the concept DefinitionA human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user. The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source. Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.
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UKCoreCategory | 0..* | CodeableConceptBinding | Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory Classification of type of observation DefinitionA code that classifies the general type of observation being made. Used for filtering what observations are retrieved and displayed. In addition to the required category valueset, this element allows various categorization schemes based on the owner’s definition of the category and effectively multiple categories can be used at once. The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set. Codes for high level observation categories. ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred)Constraints
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coding | Σ | 0..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory.coding Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uriFixed Value | Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory.coding.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
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version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory.coding.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.
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code | Σ | 0..1 | code | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory.coding.code Symbol in syntax defined by the system DefinitionA symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). Need to refer to a particular code in the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory.coding.display Representation defined by the system DefinitionA representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory.coding.userSelected If this coding was chosen directly by the user DefinitionIndicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.
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text | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.category:UKCoreCategory.text Plain text representation of the concept DefinitionA human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user. The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source. Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.
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code | S Σ | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Element IdObservation.code Type of observation (code / type) Alternate namesName DefinitionType of observation, for COVID-10 see Observation Definition for
Knowing what kind of observation is being made is essential to understanding the observation. All code-value and, if present, component.code-component.value pairs need to be taken into account to correctly understand the meaning of the observation. Codes identifying names of simple observations. LOINCCodes (example)Constraints
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coding | Σ | 0..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true. Unordered, Open, by system(Value) Constraints
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snomedCT | Σ | 0..* | CodingBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:snomedCT Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true. A code from the SNOMED Clinical Terminology UK coding system describing a type of observation UKCoreObservationType (preferred)Constraints
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system | Σ | 1..1 | uriFixed Value | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:snomedCT.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
http://snomed.info/sct
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version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:snomedCT.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.
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code | Σ | 1..1 | code | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:snomedCT.code Symbol in syntax defined by the system DefinitionA symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). Need to refer to a particular code in the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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display | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:snomedCT.display Representation defined by the system DefinitionA representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:snomedCT.userSelected If this coding was chosen directly by the user DefinitionIndicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.
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loinc | Σ | 0..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:loinc Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.
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system | Σ | 1..1 | uriFixed Value | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:loinc.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
http://loinc.org
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version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:loinc.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.
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code | Σ | 1..1 | code | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:loinc.code Symbol in syntax defined by the system DefinitionA symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). Need to refer to a particular code in the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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display | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:loinc.display Representation defined by the system DefinitionA representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.coding:loinc.userSelected If this coding was chosen directly by the user DefinitionIndicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.
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text | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.code.text Plain text representation of the concept DefinitionA human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user. The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source. Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.
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subject | S Σ I | 1..1 | Reference(Group | UK Core Device | UK Core Location | NHSDigitalPatientMinimal) | Element IdObservation.subject Who and/or what the observation is about DefinitionThe NHS Number will be an identifier reference which can be used with PDS FHIR API to return Patient demographics. If a local Patient is available, a reference to this will be present (e.g. "Patient/123")
Observations have no value if you don't know who or what they're about. One would expect this element to be a cardinality of 1..1. The only circumstance in which the subject can be missing is when the observation is made by a device that does not know the patient. In this case, the observation SHALL be matched to a patient through some context/channel matching technique, and at this point, the observation should be updated. Reference(Group | UK Core Device | UK Core Location | NHSDigitalPatientMinimal) Constraints
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 1..1 | uriFixed Value | Element IdObservation.subject.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
https://fhir.nhs.uk/Id/nhs-number
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value | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.subject.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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focus | Σ I | 0..* | Reference(Resource) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record DefinitionThe actual focus of an observation when it is not the patient of record representing something or someone associated with the patient such as a spouse, parent, fetus, or donor. For example, fetus observations in a mother's record. The focus of an observation could also be an existing condition, an intervention, the subject's diet, another observation of the subject, or a body structure such as tumor or implanted device. An example use case would be using the Observation resource to capture whether the mother is trained to change her child's tracheostomy tube. In this example, the child is the patient of record and the mother is the focus. Typically, an observation is made about the subject - a patient, or group of patients, location, or device - and the distinction between the subject and what is directly measured for an observation is specified in the observation code itself ( e.g., "Blood Glucose") and does not need to be represented separately using this element. Use
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.focus.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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encounter | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Encounter) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter Healthcare event during which this observation is made Alternate namesContext DefinitionThe healthcare event (e.g. a patient and healthcare provider interaction) during which this observation is made. For some observations it may be important to know the link between an observation and a particular encounter. This will typically be the encounter the event occurred within, but some events may be initiated prior to or after the official completion of an encounter but still be tied to the context of the encounter (e.g. pre-admission laboratory tests).
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.encounter.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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effective[x] | S Σ | 1..1 | Element IdObservation.effective[x] Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Alternate namesOccurrence DefinitionThe date and time the result was asserted.
Knowing when an observation was deemed true is important to its relevance as well as determining trends. At least a date should be present unless this observation is a historical report. For recording imprecise or "fuzzy" times (For example, a blood glucose measurement taken "after breakfast") use the Timing datatype which allow the measurement to be tied to regular life events.
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effectiveDateTime | dateTime | Data Type | ||
issued | Σ | 0..1 | instant | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.issued Date/Time this version was made available DefinitionThe date and time this version of the observation was made available to providers, typically after the results have been reviewed and verified. For Observations that don’t require review and verification, it may be the same as the
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performer | S Σ I | 0..* | NHSDigitalReference(NHSDigitalOrganization | UK Core CareTeam | NHSDigitalPatient | NHSDigitalPractitionerRoleMinimal) | Element IdObservation.performer A reference from one resource to another DefinitionWho was responsible for asserting the observed value as "true".
May give a degree of confidence in the observation and also indicates where follow-up questions should be directed. References SHALL be a reference to an actual FHIR resource, and SHALL be resolveable (allowing for access control, temporary unavailability, etc.). Resolution can be either by retrieval from the URL, or, where applicable by resource type, by treating an absolute reference as a canonical URL and looking it up in a local registry/repository. NHSDigitalReference(NHSDigitalOrganization | UK Core CareTeam | NHSDigitalPatient | NHSDigitalPractitionerRoleMinimal) Allowed aggregation: referenced Constraints
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reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). ResourceType (extensible)Constraints
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identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.identifier.use usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . IdentifierUse (required)Constraints
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type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.identifier.type Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible)Constraints
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system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.identifier.system The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient Mappings
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value | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.identifier.value The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
General 123456 Mappings
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period | Σ I | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.identifier.period Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.
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assigner | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(UK Core Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.identifier.assigner Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. Reference(UK Core Organization) Constraints
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display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.performer.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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value[x] | S Σ I | 0..1 | Element IdObservation.value[x] Actual result DefinitionCOVID-19 valueCodeableConceptThe COVID 19 test result. This is a SNOMED CT from the valueSet associated with the
An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations. An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
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valueQuantity | Quantity | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueCodeableConcept | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueString | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueBoolean | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueInteger | integer | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueRange | Range | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueRatio | Ratio | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueSampledData | SampledData | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueTime | time | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valueDateTime | dateTime | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
valuePeriod | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
dataAbsentReason | I | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.dataAbsentReason Why the result is missing DefinitionProvides a reason why the expected value in the element Observation.value[x] is missing. For many results it is necessary to handle exceptional values in measurements. Null or exceptional values can be represented two ways in FHIR Observations. One way is to simply include them in the value set and represent the exceptions in the value. For example, measurement values for a serology test could be "detected", "not detected", "inconclusive", or "specimen unsatisfactory". The alternate way is to use the value element for actual observations and use the explicit dataAbsentReason element to record exceptional values. For example, the dataAbsentReason code "error" could be used when the measurement was not completed. Note that an observation may only be reported if there are values to report. For example differential cell counts values may be reported only when > 0. Because of these options, use-case agreements are required to interpret general observations for null or exceptional values. Codes specifying why the result (`Observation.value[x]`) is missing. DataAbsentReason (extensible)Constraints
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interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.interpretation High, low, normal, etc. Alternate namesAbnormal Flag DefinitionA categorical assessment of an observation value. For example, high, low, normal. For some results, particularly numeric results, an interpretation is necessary to fully understand the significance of a result. Historically used for laboratory results (known as 'abnormal flag' ), its use extends to other use cases where coded interpretations are relevant. Often reported as one or more simple compact codes this element is often placed adjacent to the result value in reports and flow sheets to signal the meaning/normalcy status of the result. Codes identifying interpretations of observations. ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible)Constraints
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note | 0..* | Annotation | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.note Comments about the observation DefinitionComments about the observation or the results. Need to be able to provide free text additional information. May include general statements about the observation, or statements about significant, unexpected or unreliable results values, or information about its source when relevant to its interpretation.
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author[x] | Σ | 0..1 | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.note.author[x] Individual responsible for the annotation DefinitionThe individual responsible for making the annotation. Organization is used when there's no need for specific attribution as to who made the comment.
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authorString | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type | ||
authorReference | Reference(UK Core Organization | UK Core Patient | UK Core Practitioner | UK Core RelatedPerson) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data Type Reference(UK Core Organization | UK Core Patient | UK Core Practitioner | UK Core RelatedPerson) | ||
time | Σ | 0..1 | dateTime | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.note.time When the annotation was made DefinitionIndicates when this particular annotation was made.
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text | Σ | 1..1 | markdown | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.note.text The annotation - text content (as markdown) DefinitionThe text of the annotation in markdown format. Systems are not required to have markdown support, so the text should be readable without markdown processing. The markdown syntax is GFM - see https://github.github.com/gfm/
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bodySite | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.bodySite Observed body part DefinitionIndicates the site on the subject's body where the observation was made (i.e. the target site). Only used if not implicit in code found in Observation.code. In many systems, this may be represented as a related observation instead of an inline component. If the use case requires BodySite to be handled as a separate resource (e.g. to identify and track separately) then use the standard extension bodySite. Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality. SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example)Constraints
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coding | Σ | 0..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.bodySite.coding Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true. Unordered, Open, by code(Value), system(Value) Constraints
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snomedCT | Σ | 0..1 | CodingBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.bodySite.coding:snomedCT Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true. A code from the SNOMED Clinical Terminology UK with the expression (<<442083009 |anatomical or acquired body structure|) UKCoreBodySite (preferred)Constraints
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system | Σ | 1..1 | uriFixed Value | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.bodySite.coding:snomedCT.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
http://snomed.info/sct
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version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element IdObservation.bodySite.coding:snomedCT.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as |