Bundle Resource
This resource describes a set of healthcare-related information that is assembled together into a single logical package that provides a single coherent statement of meaning, establishes its own context and that has clinical attestation with regard to who is making the statement. A Composition defines the structure and narrative content necessary for a document. However, a Composition alone does not constitute a document. Rather, the Composition must be the first entry in a Bundle where Bundle.type=document, and any other resources referenced from Composition must be included as subsequent entries in the Bundle (for example Patient, Practitioner, Encounter, etc.). The variant listed below represents a profiling of the resource.
| Composition | I | Composition | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition A set of resources composed into a single coherent clinical statement with clinical attestation DefinitionA set of healthcare-related information that is assembled together into a single logical package that provides a single coherent statement of meaning, establishes its own context and that has clinical attestation with regard to who is making the statement. A Composition defines the structure and narrative content necessary for a document. However, a Composition alone does not constitute a document. Rather, the Composition must be the first entry in a Bundle where Bundle.type=document, and any other resources referenced from Composition must be included as subsequent entries in the Bundle (for example Patient, Practitioner, Encounter, etc.). While the focus of this specification is on patient-specific clinical statements, this resource can also apply to other healthcare-related statements such as study protocol designs, healthcare invoices and other activities that are not necessarily patient-specific or clinical.
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| id | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.id Logical id of this artifact DefinitionThe logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes. The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation. |
| meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.meta Metadata about the resource DefinitionThe metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.
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| id | 0..0 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.meta.id Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | I | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.meta.extension Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url Constraints
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| versionId | Σ | 0..1 | id | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.meta.versionId Version specific identifier DefinitionThe version specific identifier, as it appears in the version portion of the URL. This value changes when the resource is created, updated, or deleted. The server assigns this value, and ignores what the client specifies, except in the case that the server is imposing version integrity on updates/deletes.
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| lastUpdated | Σ | 0..1 | instant | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.meta.lastUpdated When the resource version last changed DefinitionWhen the resource last changed - e.g. when the version changed. This value is always populated except when the resource is first being created. The server / resource manager sets this value; what a client provides is irrelevant. This is equivalent to the HTTP Last-Modified and SHOULD have the same value on a read interaction.
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| source | Σ | 0..0 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.meta.source Identifies where the resource comes from DefinitionA uri that identifies the source system of the resource. This provides a minimal amount of Provenance information that can be used to track or differentiate the source of information in the resource. The source may identify another FHIR server, document, message, database, etc. In the provenance resource, this corresponds to Provenance.entity.what[x]. The exact use of the source (and the implied Provenance.entity.role) is left to implementer discretion. Only one nominated source is allowed; for additional provenance details, a full Provenance resource should be used. This element can be used to indicate where the current master source of a resource that has a canonical URL if the resource is no longer hosted at the canonical URL.
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| profile | Σ | 0..* | canonical(StructureDefinition) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.meta.profile Profiles this resource claims to conform to DefinitionA list of profiles (references to StructureDefinition resources) that this resource claims to conform to. The URL is a reference to StructureDefinition.url. It is up to the server and/or other infrastructure of policy to determine whether/how these claims are verified and/or updated over time. The list of profile URLs is a set. canonical(StructureDefinition) Constraints
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| security | Σ | 0..0 | CodingBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.meta.security Security Labels applied to this resource DefinitionSecurity labels applied to this resource. These tags connect specific resources to the overall security policy and infrastructure. The security labels can be updated without changing the stated version of the resource. The list of security labels is a set. Uniqueness is based the system/code, and version and display are ignored. Security Labels from the Healthcare Privacy and Security Classification System.
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| tag | Σ | 0..0 | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.meta.tag Tags applied to this resource DefinitionTags applied to this resource. Tags are intended to be used to identify and relate resources to process and workflow, and applications are not required to consider the tags when interpreting the meaning of a resource. The tags can be updated without changing the stated version of the resource. The list of tags is a set. Uniqueness is based the system/code, and version and display are ignored. Codes that represent various types of tags, commonly workflow-related; e.g. "Needs review by Dr. Jones".
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| implicitRules | Σ ?! | 0..0 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.implicitRules A set of rules under which this content was created DefinitionA reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc. Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.
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| language | 0..0 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.language Language of the resource content DefinitionThe base language in which the resource is written. Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute). A human language.
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| text | 0..0 | Narrative | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.text Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation Alternate namesnarrative, html, xhtml, display DefinitionA human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety. Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.
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| contained | 0..0 | Resource | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.contained Contained, inline Resources Alternate namesinline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources DefinitionThese resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope. This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.
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| extension | I | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.extension Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url Constraints
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| modifierExtension | ?! I | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.modifierExtension Extensions that cannot be ignored Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself). Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url Constraints
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| identifier | Σ | 0..0 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.identifier Version-independent identifier for the Composition DefinitionA version-independent identifier for the Composition. This identifier stays constant as the composition is changed over time. Similar to ClinicalDocument/setId in CDA. See discussion in resource definition for how these relate.
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| status | Σ ?! | 1..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.status preliminary | final | amended | entered-in-error DefinitionThe workflow/clinical status of this composition. The status is a marker for the clinical standing of the document. Need to be able to mark interim, amended, or withdrawn compositions or documents. If a composition is marked as withdrawn, the compositions/documents in the series, or data from the composition or document series, should never be displayed to a user without being clearly marked as untrustworthy. The flag "entered-in-error" is why this element is labeled as a modifier of other elements. Some reporting work flows require that the original narrative of a final document never be altered; instead, only new narrative can be added. The composition resource has no explicit status for explicitly noting whether this business rule is in effect. This would be handled by an extension if required. The workflow/clinical status of the composition.
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| type | Σ | 1..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.type Kind of composition (LOINC if possible) DefinitionSpecifies the particular kind of composition (e.g. History and Physical, Discharge Summary, Progress Note). This usually equates to the purpose of making the composition. Key metadata element describing the composition, used in searching/filtering. For Composition type, LOINC is ubiquitous and strongly endorsed by HL7. Most implementation guides will require a specific LOINC code, or use LOINC as an extensible binding. Type of a composition.
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| id | 0..0 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.type.id Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | I | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.type.extension Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url Constraints
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| coding | Σ | 0..* | Coding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.type.coding Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.
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| id | 0..0 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.type.coding.id Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | I | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.type.coding.extension Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url Constraints
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| system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.type.coding.system Identity of the terminology system DefinitionThe identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.
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| version | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.type.coding.version Version of the system - if relevant DefinitionThe version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.
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| code | Σ | 0..1 | code | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.type.coding.code Symbol in syntax defined by the system DefinitionA symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). Need to refer to a particular code in the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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| display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.type.coding.display Representation defined by the system DefinitionA representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size
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| userSelected | Σ | 0..0 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.type.coding.userSelected If this coding was chosen directly by the user DefinitionIndicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.
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| text | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.type.text Plain text representation of the concept DefinitionA human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user. The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source. Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.
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| category | Σ | 0..0 | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.category Categorization of Composition DefinitionA categorization for the type of the composition - helps for indexing and searching. This may be implied by or derived from the code specified in the Composition Type. Helps humans to assess whether the composition is of interest when viewing an index of compositions or documents. This is a metadata field from XDS/MHD. High-level kind of a clinical document at a macro level.
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| subject | Σ I | 0..1 | Reference(Resource) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.subject Who and/or what the composition is about DefinitionWho or what the composition is about. The composition can be about a person, (patient or healthcare practitioner), a device (e.g. a machine) or even a group of subjects (such as a document about a herd of livestock, or a set of patients that share a common exposure). Essential metadata for searching for the composition. Identifies who and/or what the composition/document is about. For clinical documents, this is usually the patient.
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| id | 0..0 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.subject.id Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | I | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.subject.extension Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url Constraints
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| reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.subject.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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| type | Σ | 0..0 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.subject.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
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| identifier | Σ | 0..0 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.subject.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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| display | Σ | 0..0 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.subject.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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| encounter | Σ I | 0..0 | Reference(Encounter) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.encounter Context of the Composition DefinitionDescribes the clinical encounter or type of care this documentation is associated with. Provides context for the composition and supports searching. References SHALL be a reference to an actual FHIR resource, and SHALL be resolveable (allowing for access control, temporary unavailability, etc.). Resolution can be either by retrieval from the URL, or, where applicable by resource type, by treating an absolute reference as a canonical URL and looking it up in a local registry/repository.
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| date | Σ | 1..1 | dateTime | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.date Composition editing time DefinitionThe composition editing time, when the composition was last logically changed by the author. dateTime is used for tracking, organizing versions and searching. Note that this is the time of authoring. When packaged in a document, Bundle.timestamp is the date of packaging. The Last Modified Date on the composition may be after the date of the document was attested without being changed.
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| author | Σ I | 1..* | Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Device | Patient | RelatedPerson | Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.author Who and/or what authored the composition DefinitionIdentifies who is responsible for the information in the composition, not necessarily who typed it in. Identifies who is responsible for the content. References SHALL be a reference to an actual FHIR resource, and SHALL be resolveable (allowing for access control, temporary unavailability, etc.). Resolution can be either by retrieval from the URL, or, where applicable by resource type, by treating an absolute reference as a canonical URL and looking it up in a local registry/repository. Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Device | Patient | RelatedPerson | Organization) Constraints
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| id | 0..0 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.author.id Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | I | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.author.extension Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url Constraints
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| reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.author.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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| type | Σ | 0..0 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.author.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
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| identifier | Σ | 0..0 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.author.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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| display | Σ | 0..0 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.author.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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| title | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.title Human Readable name/title DefinitionOfficial human-readable label for the composition. For many compositions, the title is the same as the text or a display name of Composition.type (e.g. a "consultation" or "progress note"). Note that CDA does not make title mandatory, but there are no known cases where it is useful for title to be omitted, so it is mandatory here. Feedback on this requirement is welcome during the trial use period.
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| confidentiality | Σ | 0..0 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.confidentiality As defined by affinity domain DefinitionThe code specifying the level of confidentiality of the Composition. The exact use of this element, and enforcement and issues related to highly sensitive documents are out of scope for the base specification, and delegated to implementation profiles (see security section). This element is labeled as a modifier because highly confidential documents must not be treated as if they are not. Codes specifying the level of confidentiality of the composition.
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| attester | 0..0 | BackboneElement | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.attester Attests to accuracy of composition DefinitionA participant who has attested to the accuracy of the composition/document. Identifies responsibility for the accuracy of the composition content. Only list each attester once.
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| custodian | Σ I | 0..0 | Reference(Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.custodian Organization which maintains the composition DefinitionIdentifies the organization or group who is responsible for ongoing maintenance of and access to the composition/document information. Identifies where to go to find the current version, where to report issues, etc. This is useful when documents are derived from a composition - provides guidance for how to get the latest version of the document. This is optional because this is sometimes not known by the authoring system, and can be inferred by context. However, it is important that this information be known when working with a derived document, so providing a custodian is encouraged.
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| relatesTo | 0..0 | BackboneElement | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.relatesTo Relationships to other compositions/documents DefinitionRelationships that this composition has with other compositions or documents that already exist. A document is a version specific composition.
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| event | Σ | 0..0 | BackboneElement | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.event The clinical service(s) being documented DefinitionThe clinical service, such as a colonoscopy or an appendectomy, being documented. Provides context for the composition and creates a linkage between a resource describing an event and the composition created describing the event. The event needs to be consistent with the type element, though can provide further information if desired.
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| section | I | 0..* | BackboneElement | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section Composition is broken into sections DefinitionThe root of the sections that make up the composition.
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| id | 0..0 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.id Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | I | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.extension Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url Constraints
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| modifierExtension | Σ ?! I | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.modifierExtension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized Alternate namesextensions, user content, modifiers DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself). Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
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| title | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.title Label for section (e.g. for ToC) Alternate namesheader, label, caption DefinitionThe label for this particular section. This will be part of the rendered content for the document, and is often used to build a table of contents. Section headings are often standardized for different types of documents. They give guidance to humans on how the document is organized. The title identifies the section for a human reader. The title must be consistent with the narrative of the resource that is the target of the section.content reference. Generally, sections SHOULD have titles, but in some documents, it is unnecessary or inappropriate. Typically, this is where a section has subsections that have their own adequately distinguishing title, or documents that only have a single section. Most Implementation Guides will make section title to be a required element.
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| code | 0..0 | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.code Classification of section (recommended) DefinitionA code identifying the kind of content contained within the section. This must be consistent with the section title. Provides computable standardized labels to topics within the document. The code identifies the section for an automated processor of the document. This is particularly relevant when using profiles to control the structure of the document. If the section has content (instead of sub-sections), the section.code does not change the meaning or interpretation of the resource that is the content of the section in the comments for the section.code. Classification of a section of a composition/document.
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| author | I | 0..0 | Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Device | Patient | RelatedPerson | Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.author Who and/or what authored the section DefinitionIdentifies who is responsible for the information in this section, not necessarily who typed it in. Identifies who is responsible for the content. References SHALL be a reference to an actual FHIR resource, and SHALL be resolveable (allowing for access control, temporary unavailability, etc.). Resolution can be either by retrieval from the URL, or, where applicable by resource type, by treating an absolute reference as a canonical URL and looking it up in a local registry/repository. Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Device | Patient | RelatedPerson | Organization) Constraints
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| focus | I | 0..0 | Reference(Resource) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.focus Who/what the section is about, when it is not about the subject of composition DefinitionThe actual focus of the section when it is not the subject of the composition, but instead represents something or someone associated with the subject such as (for a patient subject) a spouse, parent, fetus, or donor. If not focus is specified, the focus is assumed to be focus of the parent section, or, for a section in the Composition itself, the subject of the composition. Sections with a focus SHALL only include resources where the logical subject (patient, subject, focus, etc.) matches the section focus, or the resources have no logical subject (few resources). Typically, sections in a doument are about the subject of the document, whether that is a patient, or group of patients, location, or device, or whatever. For some kind of documents, some sections actually contain data about related entities. Typical examples are a section in a newborn discharge summary concerning the mother, or family history documents, with a section about each family member, though there are many other examples.
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| text | I | 0..0 | Narrative | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.text Text summary of the section, for human interpretation DefinitionA human-readable narrative that contains the attested content of the section, used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Document profiles may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.
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| mode | 0..0 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.mode working | snapshot | changes DefinitionHow the entry list was prepared - whether it is a working list that is suitable for being maintained on an ongoing basis, or if it represents a snapshot of a list of items from another source, or whether it is a prepared list where items may be marked as added, modified or deleted. Sections are used in various ways, and it must be known in what way it is safe to use the entries in them. This element is labeled as a modifier because a change list must not be misunderstood as a complete list. The processing mode that applies to this section.
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| orderedBy | 0..0 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.orderedBy Order of section entries DefinitionSpecifies the order applied to the items in the section entries. Important for presentation and rendering. Lists may be sorted to place more important information first or to group related entries. Applications SHOULD render ordered lists in the order provided, but MAY allow users to re-order based on their own preferences as well. If there is no order specified, the order is unknown, though there may still be some order. What order applies to the items in the entry.
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| entry | I | 0..* | Reference(Resource) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.entry A reference to data that supports this section DefinitionA reference to the actual resource from which the narrative in the section is derived. If there are no entries in the list, an emptyReason SHOULD be provided.
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| id | 0..0 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.entry.id Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | I | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.entry.extension Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url Constraints
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| reference | Σ I | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.entry.reference Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
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| type | Σ | 0..0 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.entry.type Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
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| identifier | Σ | 0..0 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.entry.identifier Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
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| display | Σ | 0..0 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.entry.display Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
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| emptyReason | I | 0..0 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.emptyReason Why the section is empty DefinitionIf the section is empty, why the list is empty. An empty section typically has some text explaining the empty reason. Allows capturing things like "none exist" or "not asked" which can be important for most lists. The various reasons for an empty section make a significant interpretation to its interpretation. Note that this code is for use when the entire section content has been suppressed, and not for when individual items are omitted - implementers may consider using a text note or a flag on an entry in these cases. If a section is empty, why it is empty.
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| section | I | 0..0 | see (section) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idComposition.section.section Nested Section DefinitionA nested sub-section within this section. Nested sections are primarily used to help human readers navigate to particular portions of the document.
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