Observation
Differencial View
| MyObservation (Observation) | C | Observation | Element idObservationShort description Measurements and simple assertions Alternate namesVital Signs, Measurement, Results, Tests DefinitionObservation for testing demo etc Used for simple observations such as device measurements, laboratory atomic results, vital signs, height, weight, smoking status, comments, etc. Other resources are used to provide context for observations such as laboratory reports, etc.
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| id | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.idShort description Logical id of this artifact DefinitionThe logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes. The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation. | ||
| meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.metaShort description Metadata about the resource DefinitionThe metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| implicitRules | Σ ?! | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.implicitRulesShort description A set of rules under which this content was created DefinitionA reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc. Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| language | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.languageShort description Language of the resource content DefinitionThe base language in which the resource is written. Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute). A human language.
The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| text | 0..1 | Narrative | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.textShort description Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation Alternate namesnarrative, html, xhtml, display DefinitionA human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety. Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| contained | 0..* | Resource | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.containedShort description Contained, inline Resources Alternate namesinline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources DefinitionThese resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope. This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.
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| extension | C | 1..* | Extension | Element idObservation.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| Laterality | S C | 1..1 | Extension(CodeableConcept) | Element idObservation.extension:LateralityShort description Optional Extensions Element Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionOptional Extension Element - found in all resources. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. https://NCA.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/LateralityExtension ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| myExtension | S C | 0..1 | Extension(CodeableConcept) | Element idObservation.extension:myExtensionShort description Optional Extensions Element Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionOptional Extension Element - found in all resources. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. https://NCA.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/EnvironmentExtension ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| modifierExtension | ?! C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.modifierExtensionShort description Extensions that cannot be ignored Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself). Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| identifier | Σ | 0..* | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.identifierShort description Business Identifier for observation DefinitionA unique identifier assigned to this observation. Allows observations to be distinguished and referenced. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| basedOn | Σ C | 0..* | Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.basedOnShort description Fulfills plan, proposal or order Alternate namesFulfills DefinitionA plan, proposal or order that is fulfilled in whole or in part by this event. For example, a MedicationRequest may require a patient to have laboratory test performed before it is dispensed. Allows tracing of authorization for the event and tracking whether proposals/recommendations were acted upon. References SHALL be a reference to an actual FHIR resource, and SHALL be resolveable (allowing for access control, temporary unavailability, etc.). Resolution can be either by retrieval from the URL, or, where applicable by resource type, by treating an absolute reference as a canonical URL and looking it up in a local registry/repository. Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| partOf | Σ C | 0..* | Reference(ImagingStudy | Immunization | MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.partOfShort description Part of referenced event Alternate namesContainer DefinitionA larger event of which this particular Observation is a component or step. For example, an observation as part of a procedure. To link an Observation to an Encounter use Reference(ImagingStudy | Immunization | MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| status | Σ ?! | 1..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.statusShort description registered | preliminary | final | amended + DefinitionThe status of the result value. Need to track the status of individual results. Some results are finalized before the whole report is finalized. This element is labeled as a modifier because the status contains codes that mark the resource as not currently valid. Codes providing the status of an observation. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| category | 0..* | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.categoryShort description Classification of type of observation DefinitionA code that classifies the general type of observation being made. Used for filtering what observations are retrieved and displayed. In addition to the required category valueset, this element allows various categorization schemes based on the owner’s definition of the category and effectively multiple categories can be used at once. The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set. Codes for high level observation categories. ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| code | Σ | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.codeShort description Type of observation (code / type) Alternate namesName DefinitionDescribes what was observed. Sometimes this is called the observation "name". Knowing what kind of observation is being made is essential to understanding the observation. All code-value and, if present, component.code-component.value pairs need to be taken into account to correctly understand the meaning of the observation. Codes identifying names of simple observations. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| id | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.code.idShort description Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.code.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| coding | Σ | 0..* | CodingFixed Value | Element idObservation.code.codingShort description Code defined by a terminology system DefinitionA reference to a code defined by a terminology system. Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems. Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
{
"system": "http://snomed.info/sct",
"code": "118230007",
"display": "Hearing finding"
}Mappings
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| text | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.code.textShort description Plain text representation of the concept DefinitionA human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user. The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source. Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| subject | S Σ C | 1..1 | JSMPatient(Device | Group | Location | Patient) | Element idObservation.subjectShort description Who and/or what the observation is about DefinitionThe patient, or group of patients, location, or device this observation is about and into whose record the observation is placed. If the actual focus of the observation is different from the subject (or a sample of, part, or region of the subject), the Observations have no value if you don't know who or what they're about. One would expect this element to be a cardinality of 1..1. The only circumstance in which the subject can be missing is when the observation is made by a device that does not know the patient. In this case, the observation SHALL be matched to a patient through some context/channel matching technique, and at this point, the observation should be updated. JSMPatient(Device | Group | Location | Patient) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| id | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.idShort description Logical id of this artifact DefinitionThe logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes. The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation. | ||
| meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.metaShort description Metadata about the resource DefinitionThe metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| implicitRules | Σ ?! | 0..1 | uri | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.implicitRulesShort description A set of rules under which this content was created DefinitionA reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc. Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| language | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.languageShort description Language of the resource content DefinitionThe base language in which the resource is written. Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute). A human language.
The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| text | 0..1 | Narrative | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.textShort description Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation Alternate namesnarrative, html, xhtml, display DefinitionA human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety. Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| contained | 0..* | Resource | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.containedShort description Contained, inline Resources Alternate namesinline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources DefinitionThese resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope. This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.
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| extension | C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| Occupation | S C | 0..1 | Extension(CodeableConcept) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.extension:OccupationShort description Optional Extensions Element Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionOptional Extension Element - found in all resources. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. https://NCA.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/OccupationExtension ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| BirthPlace | S C | 0..1 | Extension(Address) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.extension:BirthPlaceShort description Place of Birth for patient Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionThe registered place of birth of the patient. A sytem may use the address.text if they don't store the birthPlace address in discrete elements. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/patient-birthPlace ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| modifierExtension | ?! C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.modifierExtensionShort description Extensions that cannot be ignored Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself). Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| identifier | S Σ | 1..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifierShort description An identifier for this patient DefinitionAn identifier for this patient. Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers. Unordered, Open, by system(Value) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| NationalIdentifier | Σ | 1..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:NationalIdentifierShort description An identifier for this patient DefinitionAn identifier for this patient. Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| id | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:NationalIdentifier.idShort description Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:NationalIdentifier.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:NationalIdentifier.useShort description usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:NationalIdentifier.typeShort description Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| system | Σ | 1..1 | uriFixed Value | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:NationalIdentifier.systemShort description The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
https://fhir.nhs.uk/Id/nhs-numberExamples General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patientMappings
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| value | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:NationalIdentifier.valueShort description The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
General 123456Mappings
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| period | Σ C | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:NationalIdentifier.periodShort description Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| assigner | Σ C | 0..1 | Reference(Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:NationalIdentifier.assignerShort description Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| LocalIdentifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:LocalIdentifierShort description An identifier for this patient DefinitionAn identifier for this patient. Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| id | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:LocalIdentifier.idShort description Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:LocalIdentifier.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| use | Σ ?! | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:LocalIdentifier.useShort description usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) DefinitionThe purpose of this identifier. Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers. Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary. Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known . The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:LocalIdentifier.typeShort description Description of identifier DefinitionA coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known. This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type. A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose. Identifier Type Codes (extensible) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| system | Σ | 1..1 | uriFixed Value | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:LocalIdentifier.systemShort description The namespace for the identifier value DefinitionEstablishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique. There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers. Identifier.system is always case sensitive. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
HospitalNumberExamples General http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patientMappings
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| value | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:LocalIdentifier.valueShort description The value that is unique DefinitionThe portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system. If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
General 123456Mappings
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| period | Σ C | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:LocalIdentifier.periodShort description Time period when id is/was valid for use DefinitionTime period during which identifier is/was valid for use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| assigner | Σ C | 0..1 | Reference(Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.identifier:LocalIdentifier.assignerShort description Organization that issued id (may be just text) DefinitionOrganization that issued/manages the identifier. The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| active | Σ ?! | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.activeShort description Whether this patient's record is in active use DefinitionWhether this patient record is in active use. Many systems use this property to mark as non-current patients, such as those that have not been seen for a period of time based on an organization's business rules. It is often used to filter patient lists to exclude inactive patients Deceased patients may also be marked as inactive for the same reasons, but may be active for some time after death. Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error. If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/record updates should occur on the other patient. This resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| name | Σ | 0..* | JSMHumanName | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.nameShort description Name of a human - parts and usage DefinitionA human's name with the ability to identify parts and usage. Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name. Names may be changed, or repudiated, or people may have different names in different contexts. Names may be divided into parts of different type that have variable significance depending on context, though the division into parts does not always matter. With personal names, the different parts might or might not be imbued with some implicit meaning; various cultures associate different importance with the name parts and the degree to which systems must care about name parts around the world varies widely. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| telecom | Σ C | 0..* | ContactPoint | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecomShort description A contact detail for the individual DefinitionA contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted. People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email. A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone). Unordered, Open, by use(Value) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| PrivateHome | Σ C | 1..1 | ContactPoint | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:PrivateHomeShort description A contact detail for the individual DefinitionA contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted. People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email. A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone). The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| id | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:PrivateHome.idShort description Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:PrivateHome.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| system | Σ C | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:PrivateHome.systemShort description phone | fax | email | pager | url | sms | other DefinitionTelecommunications form for contact point - what communications system is required to make use of the contact. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size Telecommunications form for contact point. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1, cpt-2 Constraints
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| value | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:PrivateHome.valueShort description The actual contact point details DefinitionThe actual contact point details, in a form that is meaningful to the designated communication system (i.e. phone number or email address). Need to support legacy numbers that are not in a tightly controlled format. Additional text data such as phone extension numbers, or notes about use of the contact are sometimes included in the value. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| use | Σ ?! | 1..1 | codeBindingFixed Value | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:PrivateHome.useShort description home | work | temp | old | mobile - purpose of this contact point DefinitionIdentifies the purpose for the contact point. Need to track the way a person uses this contact, so a user can choose which is appropriate for their purpose. Applications can assume that a contact is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old. Use of contact point. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
homeMappings
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| rank | Σ | 0..1 | positiveInt | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:PrivateHome.rankShort description Specify preferred order of use (1 = highest) DefinitionSpecifies a preferred order in which to use a set of contacts. ContactPoints with lower rank values are more preferred than those with higher rank values. Note that rank does not necessarily follow the order in which the contacts are represented in the instance. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| period | Σ C | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:PrivateHome.periodShort description Time period when the contact point was/is in use DefinitionTime period when the contact point was/is in use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| Work | Σ C | 0..1 | ContactPoint | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:WorkShort description A contact detail for the individual DefinitionA contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted. People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email. A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone). The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| id | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:Work.idShort description Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:Work.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| system | Σ C | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:Work.systemShort description phone | fax | email | pager | url | sms | other DefinitionTelecommunications form for contact point - what communications system is required to make use of the contact. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size Telecommunications form for contact point. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1, cpt-2 Constraints
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| value | Σ | 1..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:Work.valueShort description The actual contact point details DefinitionThe actual contact point details, in a form that is meaningful to the designated communication system (i.e. phone number or email address). Need to support legacy numbers that are not in a tightly controlled format. Additional text data such as phone extension numbers, or notes about use of the contact are sometimes included in the value. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| use | Σ ?! | 1..1 | codeBindingFixed Value | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:Work.useShort description home | work | temp | old | mobile - purpose of this contact point DefinitionIdentifies the purpose for the contact point. Need to track the way a person uses this contact, so a user can choose which is appropriate for their purpose. Applications can assume that a contact is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old. Use of contact point. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
workMappings
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| rank | Σ | 0..0 | positiveInt | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:Work.rankShort description Specify preferred order of use (1 = highest) DefinitionSpecifies a preferred order in which to use a set of contacts. ContactPoints with lower rank values are more preferred than those with higher rank values. Note that rank does not necessarily follow the order in which the contacts are represented in the instance. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| period | Σ C | 0..0 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.telecom:Work.periodShort description Time period when the contact point was/is in use DefinitionTime period when the contact point was/is in use. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| gender | S Σ | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.genderShort description male | female | other | unknown DefinitionAdministrative Gender - the gender that the patient is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes. Needed for identification of the individual, in combination with (at least) name and birth date. The gender might not match the biological sex as determined by genetics or the individual's preferred identification. Note that for both humans and particularly animals, there are other legitimate possibilities than male and female, though the vast majority of systems and contexts only support male and female. Systems providing decision support or enforcing business rules should ideally do this on the basis of Observations dealing with the specific sex or gender aspect of interest (anatomical, chromosomal, social, etc.) However, because these observations are infrequently recorded, defaulting to the administrative gender is common practice. Where such defaulting occurs, rule enforcement should allow for the variation between administrative and biological, chromosomal and other gender aspects. For example, an alert about a hysterectomy on a male should be handled as a warning or overridable error, not a "hard" error. See the Patient Gender and Sex section for additional information about communicating patient gender and sex. The gender of a person used for administrative purposes. AdministrativeGender (required) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| birthDate | S Σ C | 1..1 | date | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.birthDateShort description The date of birth for the individual DefinitionThe date of birth for the individual. Age of the individual drives many clinical processes. At least an estimated year should be provided as a guess if the real DOB is unknown There is a standard extension "patient-birthTime" available that should be used where Time is required (such as in maternity/infant care systems). The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| deceased[x] | Σ ?! | 0..1 | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.deceased[x]Short description Indicates if the individual is deceased or not DefinitionIndicates if the individual is deceased or not. The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive. If there's no value in the instance, it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| deceasedBoolean | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| deceasedDateTime | dateTime | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| address | Σ C | 0..* | Address | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.addressShort description An address for the individual DefinitionAn address for the individual. May need to keep track of patient addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification. Patient may have multiple addresses with different uses or applicable periods. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| id | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.address.idShort description Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.address.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| use | Σ ?! C | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.address.useShort description home | work | temp | old | billing - purpose of this address DefinitionThe purpose of this address. Allows an appropriate address to be chosen from a list of many. Applications can assume that an address is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old. The use of an address. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1, JSMAdd1 Constraints
General homeMappings
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| type | Σ | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.address.typeShort description postal | physical | both DefinitionDistinguishes between physical addresses (those you can visit) and mailing addresses (e.g. PO Boxes and care-of addresses). Most addresses are both. The definition of Address states that "address is intended to describe postal addresses, not physical locations". However, many applications track whether an address has a dual purpose of being a location that can be visited as well as being a valid delivery destination, and Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource). The type of an address (physical / postal). The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
General bothMappings
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| text | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.address.textShort description Text representation of the address DefinitionSpecifies the entire address as it should be displayed e.g. on a postal label. This may be provided instead of or as well as the specific parts. A renderable, unencoded form. Can provide both a text representation and parts. Applications updating an address SHALL ensure that when both text and parts are present, no content is included in the text that isn't found in a part. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
General 137 Nowhere Street, Erewhon 9132Mappings
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| line | Σ | 0..* | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.address.lineShort description Street name, number, direction & P.O. Box etc. DefinitionThis component contains the house number, apartment number, street name, street direction, P.O. Box number, delivery hints, and similar address information. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
General 137 Nowhere StreetMappings
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| city | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.address.cityShort description Name of city, town etc. Alternate namesMunicpality DefinitionThe name of the city, town, suburb, village or other community or delivery center. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
General ErewhonMappings
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| district | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.address.districtShort description District name (aka county) Alternate namesCounty DefinitionThe name of the administrative area (county). District is sometimes known as county, but in some regions 'county' is used in place of city (municipality), so county name should be conveyed in city instead. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
General MadisonMappings
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| state | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.address.stateShort description Sub-unit of country (abbreviations ok) Alternate namesProvince, Territory DefinitionSub-unit of a country with limited sovereignty in a federally organized country. A code may be used if codes are in common use (e.g. US 2 letter state codes). Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| postalCode | Σ C | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.address.postalCodeShort description Postal code for area Alternate namesZip DefinitionA postal code designating a region defined by the postal service. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
General 9132Mappings
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| country | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.address.countryShort description Country (e.g. can be ISO 3166 2 or 3 letter code) DefinitionCountry - a nation as commonly understood or generally accepted. ISO 3166 3 letter codes can be used in place of a human readable country name. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| period | Σ C | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.address.periodShort description Time period when address was/is in use DefinitionTime period when address was/is in use. Allows addresses to be placed in historical context. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1, JSMAdd1 Constraints
General {
"start": "2010-03-23",
"end": "2010-07-01"
}Mappings
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| maritalStatus | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.maritalStatusShort description Marital (civil) status of a patient DefinitionThis field contains a patient's most recent marital (civil) status. Most, if not all systems capture it. Not all terminology uses fit this general pattern. In some cases, models should not use CodeableConcept and use Coding directly and provide their own structure for managing text, codings, translations and the relationship between elements and pre- and post-coordination. The domestic partnership status of a person. Marital Status Codes (extensible) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| multipleBirth[x] | 0..1 | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.multipleBirth[x]Short description Whether patient is part of a multiple birth DefinitionIndicates whether the patient is part of a multiple (boolean) or indicates the actual birth order (integer). For disambiguation of multiple-birth children, especially relevant where the care provider doesn't meet the patient, such as labs. Where the valueInteger is provided, the number is the birth number in the sequence. E.g. The middle birth in triplets would be valueInteger=2 and the third born would have valueInteger=3 If a boolean value was provided for this triplets example, then all 3 patient records would have valueBoolean=true (the ordering is not indicated). The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| multipleBirthBoolean | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| multipleBirthInteger | integer | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| photo | C | 0..* | Attachment | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.photoShort description Image of the patient DefinitionImage of the patient. Many EHR systems have the capability to capture an image of the patient. Fits with newer social media usage too. Guidelines:
The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| contact | C | 0..* | BackboneElement | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.contactShort description A contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient DefinitionA contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient. Need to track people you can contact about the patient. Contact covers all kinds of contact parties: family members, business contacts, guardians, caregivers. Not applicable to register pedigree and family ties beyond use of having contact. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| id | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.contact.idShort description Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.contact.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| modifierExtension | Σ ?! C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.contact.modifierExtensionShort description Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized Alternate namesextensions, user content, modifiers DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself). Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| relationship | 0..* | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.contact.relationshipShort description The kind of relationship DefinitionThe nature of the relationship between the patient and the contact person. Used to determine which contact person is the most relevant to approach, depending on circumstances. Not all terminology uses fit this general pattern. In some cases, models should not use CodeableConcept and use Coding directly and provide their own structure for managing text, codings, translations and the relationship between elements and pre- and post-coordination. The nature of the relationship between a patient and a contact person for that patient. PatientContactRelationship (extensible) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| name | 0..1 | HumanName | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.contact.nameShort description A name associated with the contact person DefinitionA name associated with the contact person. Contact persons need to be identified by name, but it is uncommon to need details about multiple other names for that contact person. Names may be changed, or repudiated, or people may have different names in different contexts. Names may be divided into parts of different type that have variable significance depending on context, though the division into parts does not always matter. With personal names, the different parts might or might not be imbued with some implicit meaning; various cultures associate different importance with the name parts and the degree to which systems must care about name parts around the world varies widely. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| telecom | C | 0..* | ContactPoint | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.contact.telecomShort description A contact detail for the person DefinitionA contact detail for the person, e.g. a telephone number or an email address. People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email. Contact may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently, and also to help with identification. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| address | 0..1 | Address | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.contact.addressShort description Address for the contact person DefinitionAddress for the contact person. Need to keep track where the contact person can be contacted per postal mail or visited. Note: address is intended to describe postal addresses for administrative purposes, not to describe absolute geographical coordinates. Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource). The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
| |||
| gender | 0..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.contact.genderShort description male | female | other | unknown DefinitionAdministrative Gender - the gender that the contact person is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes. Needed to address the person correctly. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size The gender of a person used for administrative purposes. AdministrativeGender (required) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
| |||
| organization | C | 0..1 | Reference(Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.contact.organizationShort description Organization that is associated with the contact DefinitionOrganization on behalf of which the contact is acting or for which the contact is working. For guardians or business related contacts, the organization is relevant. References SHALL be a reference to an actual FHIR resource, and SHALL be resolveable (allowing for access control, temporary unavailability, etc.). Resolution can be either by retrieval from the URL, or, where applicable by resource type, by treating an absolute reference as a canonical URL and looking it up in a local registry/repository. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1, pat-1 Constraints
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| period | C | 0..1 | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.contact.periodShort description The period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient DefinitionThe period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| communication | 0..* | BackboneElement | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.communicationShort description A language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health DefinitionA language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health. If a patient does not speak the local language, interpreters may be required, so languages spoken and proficiency are important things to keep track of both for patient and other persons of interest. If no language is specified, this implies that the default local language is spoken. If you need to convey proficiency for multiple modes, then you need multiple Patient.Communication associations. For animals, language is not a relevant field, and should be absent from the instance. If the Patient does not speak the default local language, then the Interpreter Required Standard can be used to explicitly declare that an interpreter is required. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| id | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.communication.idShort description Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.communication.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| modifierExtension | Σ ?! C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.communication.modifierExtensionShort description Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized Alternate namesextensions, user content, modifiers DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself). Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| language | 1..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.communication.languageShort description The language which can be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health DefinitionThe ISO-639-1 alpha 2 code in lower case for the language, optionally followed by a hyphen and the ISO-3166-1 alpha 2 code for the region in upper case; e.g. "en" for English, or "en-US" for American English versus "en-EN" for England English. Most systems in multilingual countries will want to convey language. Not all systems actually need the regional dialect. The structure aa-BB with this exact casing is one the most widely used notations for locale. However not all systems actually code this but instead have it as free text. Hence CodeableConcept instead of code as the data type. A human language.
The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| preferred | 0..1 | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.communication.preferredShort description Language preference indicator DefinitionIndicates whether or not the patient prefers this language (over other languages he masters up a certain level). People that master multiple languages up to certain level may prefer one or more, i.e. feel more confident in communicating in a particular language making other languages sort of a fall back method. This language is specifically identified for communicating healthcare information. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| generalPractitioner | C | 0..* | Reference(Organization | Practitioner | PractitionerRole) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.generalPractitionerShort description Patient's nominated primary care provider Alternate namescareProvider DefinitionPatient's nominated care provider. This may be the primary care provider (in a GP context), or it may be a patient nominated care manager in a community/disability setting, or even organization that will provide people to perform the care provider roles. It is not to be used to record Care Teams, these should be in a CareTeam resource that may be linked to the CarePlan or EpisodeOfCare resources. Multiple GPs may be recorded against the patient for various reasons, such as a student that has his home GP listed along with the GP at university during the school semesters, or a "fly-in/fly-out" worker that has the onsite GP also included with his home GP to remain aware of medical issues. Jurisdictions may decide that they can profile this down to 1 if desired, or 1 per type. Reference(Organization | Practitioner | PractitionerRole) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| managingOrganization | Σ C | 0..1 | Reference(Organization) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.managingOrganizationShort description Organization that is the custodian of the patient record DefinitionOrganization that is the custodian of the patient record. Need to know who recognizes this patient record, manages and updates it. There is only one managing organization for a specific patient record. Other organizations will have their own Patient record, and may use the Link property to join the records together (or a Person resource which can include confidence ratings for the association). The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| link | Σ ?! | 0..* | BackboneElement | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.linkShort description Link to another patient resource that concerns the same actual person DefinitionLink to another patient resource that concerns the same actual patient. There are multiple use cases:
There is no assumption that linked patient records have mutual links. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| id | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.link.idShort description Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.link.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| modifierExtension | Σ ?! C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.link.modifierExtensionShort description Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized Alternate namesextensions, user content, modifiers DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself). Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| other | Σ C | 1..1 | Reference(Patient | RelatedPerson) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.link.otherShort description The other patient or related person resource that the link refers to DefinitionThe other patient resource that the link refers to. Referencing a RelatedPerson here removes the need to use a Person record to associate a Patient and RelatedPerson as the same individual. Reference(Patient | RelatedPerson) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| type | Σ | 1..1 | codeBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.subject.link.typeShort description replaced-by | replaces | refer | seealso DefinitionThe type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource. Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| focus | Σ C | 0..* | Reference(Resource) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.focusShort description What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record DefinitionThe actual focus of an observation when it is not the patient of record representing something or someone associated with the patient such as a spouse, parent, fetus, or donor. For example, fetus observations in a mother's record. The focus of an observation could also be an existing condition, an intervention, the subject's diet, another observation of the subject, or a body structure such as tumor or implanted device. An example use case would be using the Observation resource to capture whether the mother is trained to change her child's tracheostomy tube. In this example, the child is the patient of record and the mother is the focus. Typically, an observation is made about the subject - a patient, or group of patients, location, or device - and the distinction between the subject and what is directly measured for an observation is specified in the observation code itself ( e.g., "Blood Glucose") and does not need to be represented separately using this element. Use The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| encounter | Σ C | 0..1 | Reference(Encounter) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.encounterShort description Healthcare event during which this observation is made Alternate namesContext DefinitionThe healthcare event (e.g. a patient and healthcare provider interaction) during which this observation is made. For some observations it may be important to know the link between an observation and a particular encounter. This will typically be the encounter the event occurred within, but some events may be initiated prior to or after the official completion of an encounter but still be tied to the context of the encounter (e.g. pre-admission laboratory tests). The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| effective[x] | Σ | 0..1 | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.effective[x]Short description Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Alternate namesOccurrence DefinitionThe time or time-period the observed value is asserted as being true. For biological subjects - e.g. human patients - this is usually called the "physiologically relevant time". This is usually either the time of the procedure or of specimen collection, but very often the source of the date/time is not known, only the date/time itself. Knowing when an observation was deemed true is important to its relevance as well as determining trends. At least a date should be present unless this observation is a historical report. For recording imprecise or "fuzzy" times (For example, a blood glucose measurement taken "after breakfast") use the Timing datatype which allow the measurement to be tied to regular life events. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| effectiveDateTime | dateTime | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| effectiveInstant | instant | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| effectivePeriod | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| effectiveTiming | Timing | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| issued | Σ | 0..1 | instant | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.issuedShort description Date/Time this version was made available DefinitionThe date and time this version of the observation was made available to providers, typically after the results have been reviewed and verified. For Observations that don’t require review and verification, it may be the same as the The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| performer | Σ C | 0..* | Reference(CareTeam | Organization | Patient | Practitioner | PractitionerRole | RelatedPerson) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.performerShort description Who is responsible for the observation DefinitionWho was responsible for asserting the observed value as "true". May give a degree of confidence in the observation and also indicates where follow-up questions should be directed. References SHALL be a reference to an actual FHIR resource, and SHALL be resolveable (allowing for access control, temporary unavailability, etc.). Resolution can be either by retrieval from the URL, or, where applicable by resource type, by treating an absolute reference as a canonical URL and looking it up in a local registry/repository. Reference(CareTeam | Organization | Patient | Practitioner | PractitionerRole | RelatedPerson) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| value[x] | Σ C | 1..1 | Element idObservation.value[x]Short description Actual result DefinitionThe information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value. An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations. An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1, obs-7, JSM-1 Constraints
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| valueCodeableConcept | CodeableConcept | Data type | ||||
| dataAbsentReason | C | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.dataAbsentReasonShort description Why the result is missing DefinitionProvides a reason why the expected value in the element Observation.value[x] is missing. For many results it is necessary to handle exceptional values in measurements. Null or exceptional values can be represented two ways in FHIR Observations. One way is to simply include them in the value set and represent the exceptions in the value. For example, measurement values for a serology test could be "detected", "not detected", "inconclusive", or "specimen unsatisfactory". The alternate way is to use the value element for actual observations and use the explicit dataAbsentReason element to record exceptional values. For example, the dataAbsentReason code "error" could be used when the measurement was not completed. Note that an observation may only be reported if there are values to report. For example differential cell counts values may be reported only when > 0. Because of these options, use-case agreements are required to interpret general observations for null or exceptional values. Codes specifying why the result ( The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1, obs-6 Constraints
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| interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.interpretationShort description High, low, normal, etc. Alternate namesAbnormal Flag DefinitionA categorical assessment of an observation value. For example, high, low, normal. For some results, particularly numeric results, an interpretation is necessary to fully understand the significance of a result. Historically used for laboratory results (known as 'abnormal flag' ), its use extends to other use cases where coded interpretations are relevant. Often reported as one or more simple compact codes this element is often placed adjacent to the result value in reports and flow sheets to signal the meaning/normalcy status of the result. Codes identifying interpretations of observations. ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| note | S C | 0..* | Annotation | Element idObservation.noteShort description Comments about the observation DefinitionComments about the observation or the results. Need to be able to provide free text additional information. May include general statements about the observation, or statements about significant, unexpected or unreliable results values, or information about its source when relevant to its interpretation. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1, JSM-1 Constraints
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| bodySite | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.bodySiteShort description Observed body part DefinitionIndicates the site on the subject's body where the observation was made (i.e. the target site). Only used if not implicit in code found in Observation.code. In many systems, this may be represented as a related observation instead of an inline component. If the use case requires BodySite to be handled as a separate resource (e.g. to identify and track separately) then use the standard extension bodySite. Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality. SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| method | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.methodShort description How it was done DefinitionIndicates the mechanism used to perform the observation. In some cases, method can impact results and is thus used for determining whether results can be compared or determining significance of results. Only used if not implicit in code for Observation.code. Methods for simple observations. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| specimen | C | 0..1 | Reference(Specimen) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.specimenShort description Specimen used for this observation DefinitionThe specimen that was used when this observation was made. Should only be used if not implicit in code found in The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| device | S C | 0..1 | Reference(Device) | Element idObservation.deviceShort description (Measurement) Device DefinitionThe device used to generate the observation data. Note that this is not meant to represent a device involved in the transmission of the result, e.g., a gateway. Such devices may be documented using the Provenance resource where relevant. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| id | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.device.idShort description Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.device.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| reference | S Σ C | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.device.referenceShort description Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1, ref-1 Constraints
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| type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.device.typeShort description Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.device.identifierShort description Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any). The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.device.displayShort description Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| referenceRange | C | 0..* | BackboneElement | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.referenceRangeShort description Provides guide for interpretation DefinitionGuidance on how to interpret the value by comparison to a normal or recommended range. Multiple reference ranges are interpreted as an "OR". In other words, to represent two distinct target populations, two Knowing what values are considered "normal" can help evaluate the significance of a particular result. Need to be able to provide multiple reference ranges for different contexts. Most observations only have one generic reference range. Systems MAY choose to restrict to only supplying the relevant reference range based on knowledge about the patient (e.g., specific to the patient's age, gender, weight and other factors), but this might not be possible or appropriate. Whenever more than one reference range is supplied, the differences between them SHOULD be provided in the reference range and/or age properties. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| id | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.referenceRange.idShort description Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.referenceRange.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| modifierExtension | Σ ?! C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.referenceRange.modifierExtensionShort description Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized Alternate namesextensions, user content, modifiers DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself). Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| low | C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.referenceRange.lowShort description Low Range, if relevant DefinitionThe value of the low bound of the reference range. The low bound of the reference range endpoint is inclusive of the value (e.g. reference range is >=5 - <=9). If the low bound is omitted, it is assumed to be meaningless (e.g. reference range is <=2.3). The context of use may frequently define what kind of quantity this is and therefore what kind of units can be used. The context of use may also restrict the values for the comparator. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1, obs-3 Constraints
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| high | C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.referenceRange.highShort description High Range, if relevant DefinitionThe value of the high bound of the reference range. The high bound of the reference range endpoint is inclusive of the value (e.g. reference range is >=5 - <=9). If the high bound is omitted, it is assumed to be meaningless (e.g. reference range is >= 2.3). The context of use may frequently define what kind of quantity this is and therefore what kind of units can be used. The context of use may also restrict the values for the comparator. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1, obs-3 Constraints
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| type | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.referenceRange.typeShort description Reference range qualifier DefinitionCodes to indicate the what part of the targeted reference population it applies to. For example, the normal or therapeutic range. Need to be able to say what kind of reference range this is - normal, recommended, therapeutic, etc., - for proper interpretation. This SHOULD be populated if there is more than one range. If this element is not present then the normal range is assumed. Code for the meaning of a reference range. ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| appliesTo | 0..* | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.referenceRange.appliesToShort description Reference range population DefinitionCodes to indicate the target population this reference range applies to. For example, a reference range may be based on the normal population or a particular sex or race. Multiple Need to be able to identify the target population for proper interpretation. This SHOULD be populated if there is more than one range. If this element is not present then the normal population is assumed. Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to. ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| age | C | 0..1 | Range | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.referenceRange.ageShort description Applicable age range, if relevant DefinitionThe age at which this reference range is applicable. This is a neonatal age (e.g. number of weeks at term) if the meaning says so. Some analytes vary greatly over age. The stated low and high value are assumed to have arbitrarily high precision when it comes to determining which values are in the range. I.e. 1.99 is not in the range 2 -> 3. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| text | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.referenceRange.textShort description Text based reference range in an observation DefinitionText based reference range in an observation which may be used when a quantitative range is not appropriate for an observation. An example would be a reference value of "Negative" or a list or table of "normals". Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1MB in size The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| hasMember | Σ C | 0..* | Reference(MolecularSequence | Observation | QuestionnaireResponse) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.hasMemberShort description Related resource that belongs to the Observation group DefinitionThis observation is a group observation (e.g. a battery, a panel of tests, a set of vital sign measurements) that includes the target as a member of the group. When using this element, an observation will typically have either a value or a set of related resources, although both may be present in some cases. For a discussion on the ways Observations can assembled in groups together, see Notes below. Note that a system may calculate results from QuestionnaireResponse into a final score and represent the score as an Observation. Reference(MolecularSequence | Observation | QuestionnaireResponse) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| derivedFrom | Σ C | 0..* | Reference(Media) | Element idObservation.derivedFromShort description Related measurements the observation is made from DefinitionThe target resource that represents a measurement from which this observation value is derived. For example, a calculated anion gap or a fetal measurement based on an ultrasound image. All the reference choices that are listed in this element can represent clinical observations and other measurements that may be the source for a derived value. The most common reference will be another Observation. For a discussion on the ways Observations can assembled in groups together, see Notes below. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| id | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.derivedFrom.idShort description Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.derivedFrom.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| reference | S Σ C | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.derivedFrom.referenceShort description Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL DefinitionA reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1, ref-1 Constraints
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| type | Σ | 0..1 | uriBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.derivedFrom.typeShort description Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") DefinitionThe expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources). This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified. Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.derivedFrom.identifierShort description Logical reference, when literal reference is not known DefinitionAn identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference. When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any). The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| display | Σ | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.derivedFrom.displayShort description Text alternative for the resource DefinitionPlain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| component | Σ | 0..* | BackboneElement | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.componentShort description Component results DefinitionSome observations have multiple component observations. These component observations are expressed as separate code value pairs that share the same attributes. Examples include systolic and diastolic component observations for blood pressure measurement and multiple component observations for genetics observations. Component observations share the same attributes in the Observation resource as the primary observation and are always treated a part of a single observation (they are not separable). However, the reference range for the primary observation value is not inherited by the component values and is required when appropriate for each component observation. For a discussion on the ways Observations can be assembled in groups together see Notes below. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| id | 0..1 | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.component.idShort description Unique id for inter-element referencing DefinitionUnique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
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| extension | C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.component.extensionShort description Additional content defined by implementations Alternate namesextensions, user content DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. Unordered, Open, by url(Value) Extensions are always sliced by (at least) url ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| modifierExtension | Σ ?! C | 0..* | Extension | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.component.modifierExtensionShort description Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized Alternate namesextensions, user content, modifiers DefinitionMay be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself). Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions. There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| code | Σ | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.component.codeShort description Type of component observation (code / type) DefinitionDescribes what was observed. Sometimes this is called the observation "code". Knowing what kind of observation is being made is essential to understanding the observation. All code-value and component.code-component.value pairs need to be taken into account to correctly understand the meaning of the observation. Codes identifying names of simple observations. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| value[x] | Σ | 0..1 | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.component.value[x]Short description Actual component result DefinitionThe information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value. An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations. Used when observation has a set of component observations. An observation may have both a value (e.g. an Apgar score) and component observations (the observations from which the Apgar score was derived). If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below. The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| valueBoolean | boolean | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| valueCodeableConcept | CodeableConcept | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| valueDateTime | dateTime | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| valueInteger | integer | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| valuePeriod | Period | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| valueQuantity | Quantity | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| valueRange | Range | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| valueRatio | Ratio | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| valueSampledData | SampledData | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| valueString | string | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| valueTime | time | There are no (further) constraints on this element Data type | ||||
| dataAbsentReason | C | 0..1 | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.component.dataAbsentReasonShort description Why the component result is missing DefinitionProvides a reason why the expected value in the element Observation.component.value[x] is missing. For many results it is necessary to handle exceptional values in measurements. "Null" or exceptional values can be represented two ways in FHIR Observations. One way is to simply include them in the value set and represent the exceptions in the value. For example, measurement values for a serology test could be "detected", "not detected", "inconclusive", or "test not done". The alternate way is to use the value element for actual observations and use the explicit dataAbsentReason element to record exceptional values. For example, the dataAbsentReason code "error" could be used when the measurement was not completed. Because of these options, use-case agreements are required to interpret general observations for exceptional values. Codes specifying why the result ( The cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1, obs-6 Constraints
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| interpretation | 0..* | CodeableConceptBinding | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.component.interpretationShort description High, low, normal, etc. Alternate namesAbnormal Flag DefinitionA categorical assessment of an observation value. For example, high, low, normal. For some results, particularly numeric results, an interpretation is necessary to fully understand the significance of a result. Historically used for laboratory results (known as 'abnormal flag' ), its use extends to other use cases where coded interpretations are relevant. Often reported as one or more simple compact codes this element is often placed adjacent to the result value in reports and flow sheets to signal the meaning/normalcy status of the result. Codes identifying interpretations of observations. ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible) ConditionsThe cardinality or value of this element may be affected by these constraints: ele-1 Constraints
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| referenceRange | 0..* | see (referenceRange) | There are no (further) constraints on this element Element idObservation.component.referenceRangeShort description Provides guide for interpretation of component result DefinitionGuidance on how to interpret the value by comparison to a normal or recommended range. Knowing what values are considered "normal" can help evaluate the significance of a particular result. Need to be able to provide multiple reference ranges for different contexts. Most observations only have one generic reference range. Systems MAY choose to restrict to only supplying the relevant reference range based on knowledge about the patient (e.g., specific to the patient's age, gender, weight and other factors), but this might not be possible or appropriate. Whenever more than one reference range is supplied, the differences between them SHOULD be provided in the reference range and/or age properties.
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