• dom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources
  contained.contained.empty()
• dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated
  contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
• dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource
  contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().ofType(canonical) | %resource.descendants().ofType(uri) | %resource.descendants().ofType(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(ofType(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(ofType(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
• dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management
  text.`div`.exists()
• dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label
  contained.meta.security.empty()

• rim: n/a
• rim: Entity. Role, or Act
• rim: Entity, Role, or Act
• w5: administrative.individual
• rim: Patient[classCode=PAT]
• interface: ParticipantLiving
• cda: ClinicalDocument.recordTarget.patientRole

Within the context of the FHIR RESTful interactions, the resource has an id except for cases like the create and conditional update. Otherwise, the use of the resouce id depends on the given use case.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• rim: N/A

• rim: n/a

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
  extension.exists() != value.exists()

• rim: n/a
• rim: N/A

The server assigns this value, and ignores what the client specifies, except in the case that the server is imposing version integrity on updates/deletes.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a

This element is generally omitted in instances submitted in a PUT or POST. Instead, it is populated in the response instance and when retrieving information using a GET. The server / resource manager sets this value; what a client provides is irrelevant. This is equivalent to the HTTP Last-Modified and SHOULD have the same value on a read interaction.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a

The exact use of the source (and the possible implied Provenance.entity.role and agent.role) is left to implementer discretion. Only one nominated source is allowed; for additional provenance details, a full Provenance resource should be used. The source may correspond to Provenance.entity.what[x] or Provenance.agent.who[x], though it may be a more general or abstract reference.

This element can be used to indicate where the current master source of a resource that has a canonical URL if the resource is no longer hosted at the canonical URL.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a

It is up to the server and/or other infrastructure of policy to determine whether/how these claims are verified and/or updated over time. The list of profile URLs is a set.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

https://example.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/MyPatientForgeTest

• rim: n/a

The security labels can be updated without changing the stated version of the resource. The list of security labels is a set. Uniqueness is based the system/code, and version and display are ignored.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• cod-1: A Coding SHOULD NOT have a display unless a code is also present. Computation on Coding.display alone is generally unsafe. Consider using CodeableConcept.text
  code.exists().not() implies display.exists().not()

• rim: n/a
• v2: CE/CNE/CWE subset one of the sets of component 1-3 or 4-6
• rim: CV
• orim: fhir:Coding rdfs:subClassOf dt:CDCoding

The tags can be updated without changing the stated version of the resource. The list of tags is a set. Uniqueness is based the system/code, and version and display are ignored.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• cod-1: A Coding SHOULD NOT have a display unless a code is also present. Computation on Coding.display alone is generally unsafe. Consider using CodeableConcept.text
  code.exists().not() implies display.exists().not()

• rim: n/a
• v2: CE/CNE/CWE subset one of the sets of component 1-3 or 4-6
• rim: CV
• orim: fhir:Coding rdfs:subClassOf dt:CDCoding

Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of its narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a

Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a

Contained resources do not have a narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• rim: N/A
• rim: Act.text?

This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags in their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.

• rim: n/a
• rim: Entity. Role, or Act
• rim: N/A

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
  extension.exists() != value.exists()

• rim: n/a
• rim: N/A

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
  extension.exists() != value.exists()

• rim: n/a
• rim: N/A

Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

The rules of the identifier.type determine if a check digit is part of the ID value or sent separately, such as through the checkDigit extension.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• ident-1: Identifier with no value has limited utility. If communicating that an identifier value has been suppressed or missing, the value element SHOULD be present with an extension indicating the missing semantic - e.g. data-absent-reason
  value.exists()

• rim: n/a
• v2: CX / EI (occasionally, more often EI maps to a resource id or a URL)
• rim: II - The Identifier class is a little looser than the v3 type II because it allows URIs as well as registered OIDs or GUIDs. Also maps to Role[classCode=IDENT]
• servd: Identifier
• w5: FiveWs.identifier
• v2: PID-3
• rim: id
• interface: Participant.identifier
• cda: .id

Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error.

If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/record updates should occur on the other patient.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• w5: FiveWs.status
• rim: statusCode
• interface: Participant.active
• cda: n/a

Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name.

A patient may have multiple names with different uses or applicable periods. For animals, the name is a "HumanName" in the sense that is assigned and used by humans and has the same patterns. Animal names may be communicated as given names, and optionally may include a family name.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XPN
• rim: EN (actually, PN)
• servd: ProviderName
• v2: PID-5, PID-9
• rim: name
• interface: Participant.name
• cda: .patient.name

• rim: n/a

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
  extension.exists() != value.exists()

• rim: n/a
• rim: N/A

Allows the appropriate name for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of names.

Applications can assume that a name is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XPN.7, but often indicated by which field contains the name
• rim: unique(./use)
• servd: ./NamePurpose

A renderable, unencoded form.

Can provide both a text representation and parts. Applications updating a name SHALL ensure that when both text and parts are present, no content is included in the text that isn't found in a part.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: implied by XPN.11
• rim: ./formatted

Family Name may be decomposed into specific parts using extensions (de, nl, es related cultures).

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XPN.1/FN.1
• rim: ./part[partType = FAM]
• servd: ./FamilyName

If only initials are recorded, they may be used in place of the full name parts. Initials may be separated into multiple given names but often aren't due to paractical limitations. This element is not called "first name" since given names do not always come first.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XPN.2 + XPN.3
• rim: ./part[partType = GIV]
• servd: ./GivenNames

Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1,048,576 (1024*1024) characters in size

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XPN.5
• rim: ./part[partType = PFX]
• servd: ./TitleCode

Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1,048,576 (1024*1024) characters in size

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XPN/4
• rim: ./part[partType = SFX]

Allows names to be placed in historical context.

A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times").

Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• per-1: If present, start SHALL have a lower or equal value than end
  start.hasValue().not() or end.hasValue().not() or (start.lowBoundary() <= end.highBoundary())

• rim: n/a
• v2: DR
• rim: IVL<TS>[lowClosed="true" and highClosed="true"] or URG<TS>[lowClosed="true" and highClosed="true"]
• v2: XPN.13 + XPN.14
• rim: ./usablePeriod[type="IVL<TS>"]
• servd: ./StartDate and ./EndDate

People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• cpt-2: A system is required if a value is provided.
  value.empty() or system.exists()

• rim: n/a
• v2: XTN
• rim: TEL
• servd: ContactPoint
• v2: PID-13, PID-14, PID-40
• rim: telecom
• interface: ParticipantContactable.telecom
• cda: .telecom

Needed for identification of the individual, in combination with (at least) name and birth date.

The gender might not match the biological sex as determined by genetics or the individual's preferred identification. Note that for both humans and particularly animals, there are other legitimate possibilities than male and female, though the vast majority of systems and contexts only support male and female. Systems providing decision support or enforcing business rules should ideally do this on the basis of Observations dealing with the specific sex or gender aspect of interest (anatomical, chromosomal, social, etc.) However, because these observations are infrequently recorded, defaulting to the administrative gender is common practice. Where such defaulting occurs, rule enforcement should allow for the variation between administrative and biological, chromosomal and other gender aspects. For example, an alert about a hysterectomy on a male should be handled as a warning or overridable error, not a "hard" error. See the Patient Gender and Sex section for additional information about communicating patient gender and sex.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: PID-8
• rim: player[classCode=PSN|ANM and determinerCode=INSTANCE]/administrativeGender
• interface: ParticipantLiving.gender
• cda: .patient.administrativeGenderCode

Age of the individual drives many clinical processes.

Partial dates are allowed if the specific date of birth is unknown. There is a standard extension "patient-birthTime" available that should be used where Time is required (such as in maternity/infant care systems).

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: PID-7
• rim: player[classCode=PSN|ANM and determinerCode=INSTANCE]/birthTime
• interface: ParticipantLiving.birthDate
• cda: .patient.birthTime
• loinc: 21112-8

The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive.

If there's no value in the instance, it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: PID-30 (bool) and PID-29 (datetime)
• rim: player[classCode=PSN|ANM and determinerCode=INSTANCE]/deceasedInd, player[classCode=PSN|ANM and determinerCode=INSTANCE]/deceasedTime
• cda: n/a

May need to keep track of patient addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification.

Patient may have multiple addresses with different uses or applicable periods.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XAD
• rim: AD
• servd: Address
• v2: PID-11
• rim: addr
• interface: ParticipantContactable.address
• cda: .addr

• rim: n/a

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
  extension.exists() != value.exists()

• rim: n/a
• rim: N/A

Allows an appropriate address to be chosen from a list of many.

Applications can assume that an address is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

home

• rim: n/a
• v2: XAD.7
• rim: unique(./use)
• servd: ./AddressPurpose

The definition of Address states that "address is intended to describe postal addresses, not physical locations". However, many applications track whether an address has a dual purpose of being a location that can be visited as well as being a valid delivery destination, and Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XAD.18
• rim: unique(./use)
• vcard: address type parameter

A renderable, unencoded form.

Can provide both a text representation and parts. Applications updating an address SHALL ensure that when both text and parts are present, no content is included in the text that isn't found in a part.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XAD.1 + XAD.2 + XAD.3 + XAD.4 + XAD.5 + XAD.6
• rim: ./formatted
• vcard: address label parameter

Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1,048,576 (1024*1024) characters in size

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XAD.1 + XAD.2 (note: XAD.1 and XAD.2 have different meanings for a company address than for a person address)
• rim: AD.part[parttype = AL]
• vcard: street
• servd: ./StreetAddress (newline delimitted)

Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1,048,576 (1024*1024) characters in size

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XAD.3
• rim: AD.part[parttype = CTY]
• vcard: locality
• servd: ./Jurisdiction

District is sometimes known as county, but in some regions 'county' is used in place of city (municipality), so county name should be conveyed in city instead.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XAD.9
• rim: AD.part[parttype = CNT | CPA]

Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1,048,576 (1024*1024) characters in size

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XAD.4
• rim: AD.part[parttype = STA]
• vcard: region
• servd: ./Region

Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1,048,576 (1024*1024) characters in size

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XAD.5
• rim: AD.part[parttype = ZIP]
• vcard: code
• servd: ./PostalIdentificationCode

ISO 3166 2- or 3- letter codes MAY be used in place of a human readable country name.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XAD.6
• rim: AD.part[parttype = CNT]
• vcard: country
• servd: ./Country

Allows addresses to be placed in historical context.

A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times").

Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• per-1: If present, start SHALL have a lower or equal value than end
  start.hasValue().not() or end.hasValue().not() or (start.lowBoundary() <= end.highBoundary())

• rim: n/a
• v2: DR
• rim: IVL<TS>[lowClosed="true" and highClosed="true"] or URG<TS>[lowClosed="true" and highClosed="true"]
• v2: XAD.12 / XAD.13 + XAD.14
• rim: ./usablePeriod[type="IVL<TS>"]
• servd: ./StartDate and ./EndDate

Most, if not all systems capture it.

Not all terminology uses fit this general pattern. In some cases, models should not use CodeableConcept and use Coding directly and provide their own structure for managing text, codings, translations and the relationship between elements and pre- and post-coordination.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: CE/CNE/CWE
• rim: CD
• orim: fhir:CodeableConcept rdfs:subClassOf dt:CD
• v2: PID-16
• rim: player[classCode=PSN]/maritalStatusCode
• cda: .patient.maritalStatusCode

For disambiguation of multiple-birth children, especially relevant where the care provider doesn't meet the patient, such as labs.

Where the valueInteger is provided, the number is the birth number in the sequence. E.g. The middle birth in triplets would be valueInteger=2 and the third born would have valueInteger=3 If a boolean value was provided for this triplets example, then all 3 patient records would have valueBoolean=true (the ordering is not indicated).

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: PID-24 (bool), PID-25 (integer)
• rim: player[classCode=PSN|ANM and determinerCode=INSTANCE]/multipleBirthInd, player[classCode=PSN|ANM and determinerCode=INSTANCE]/multipleBirthOrderNumber
• cda: n/a

Many EHR systems have the capability to capture an image of the patient. Fits with newer social media usage too.

Guidelines:

• Use id photos, not clinical photos.
• Limit dimensions to thumbnail.
• Keep byte count low to ease resource updates.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• att-1: If the Attachment has data, it SHALL have a contentType
  data.empty() or contentType.exists()

• rim: n/a
• v2: ED/RP
• rim: ED
• v2: OBX-5 - needs a profile
• rim: player[classCode=PSN|ANM and determinerCode=INSTANCE]/desc
• interface: ParticipantLiving.photo
• cda: n/a

Need to track people you can contact about the patient.

Contact covers all kinds of contact parties: family members, business contacts, guardians, caregivers. Not applicable to register pedigree and family ties beyond use of having contact.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization
  name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists()

• rim: n/a
• rim: player[classCode=PSN|ANM and determinerCode=INSTANCE]/scopedRole[classCode=CON]
• cda: n/a

• rim: n/a

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
  extension.exists() != value.exists()

• rim: n/a
• rim: N/A

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
  extension.exists() != value.exists()

• rim: n/a
• rim: N/A

Used to determine which contact person is the most relevant to approach, depending on circumstances.

Not all terminology uses fit this general pattern. In some cases, models should not use CodeableConcept and use Coding directly and provide their own structure for managing text, codings, translations and the relationship between elements and pre- and post-coordination.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: CE/CNE/CWE
• rim: CD
• orim: fhir:CodeableConcept rdfs:subClassOf dt:CD
• v2: NK1-7, NK1-3
• rim: code
• cda: n/a

Contact persons need to be identified by name, but it is uncommon to need details about multiple other names for that contact person.

Names may be changed, or repudiated, or people may have different names in different contexts. Names may be divided into parts of different type that have variable significance depending on context, though the division into parts does not always matter. With personal names, the different parts might or might not be imbued with some implicit meaning; various cultures associate different importance with the name parts and the degree to which systems must care about name parts around the world varies widely.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XPN
• rim: EN (actually, PN)
• servd: ProviderName
• v2: NK1-2
• rim: name
• cda: n/a

People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

Contact may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently, and also to help with identification.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• cpt-2: A system is required if a value is provided.
  value.empty() or system.exists()

• rim: n/a
• v2: XTN
• rim: TEL
• servd: ContactPoint
• v2: NK1-5, NK1-6, NK1-40
• rim: telecom
• cda: n/a

Need to keep track where the contact person can be contacted per postal mail or visited.

Note: address is intended to describe postal addresses for administrative purposes, not to describe absolute geographical coordinates. Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: XAD
• rim: AD
• servd: Address
• v2: NK1-4
• rim: addr
• cda: n/a

Needed to address the person correctly.

Note that FHIR strings SHALL NOT exceed 1,048,576 (1024*1024) characters in size

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• v2: NK1-15
• rim: player[classCode=PSN|ANM and determinerCode=INSTANCE]/administrativeGender
• cda: n/a

For guardians or business related contacts, the organization is relevant.

References SHALL be a reference to an actual FHIR resource, and SHALL be resolvable (allowing for access control, temporary unavailability, etc.). Resolution can be either by retrieval from the URL, or, where applicable by resource type, by treating an absolute reference as a canonical URL and looking it up in a local registry/repository.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• ref-1: SHALL have a contained resource if a local reference is provided
  reference.exists() implies (reference.startsWith('#').not() or (reference.substring(1).trace('url') in %rootResource.contained.id.trace('ids')) or (reference='#' and %rootResource!=%resource))
• ref-2: At least one of reference, identifier and display SHALL be present (unless an extension is provided).
  reference.exists() or identifier.exists() or display.exists() or extension.exists()

• rim: n/a
• rim: The target of a resource reference is a RIM entry point (Act, Role, or Entity)
• v2: NK1-13, NK1-30, NK1-31, NK1-32, NK1-41
• rim: scoper
• cda: n/a

A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times").

Period is not used for a duration (a measure of elapsed time). See Duration.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• per-1: If present, start SHALL have a lower or equal value than end
  start.hasValue().not() or end.hasValue().not() or (start.lowBoundary() <= end.highBoundary())

• rim: n/a
• v2: DR
• rim: IVL<TS>[lowClosed="true" and highClosed="true"] or URG<TS>[lowClosed="true" and highClosed="true"]
• rim: effectiveTime
• cda: n/a

If a patient does not speak the local language, interpreters may be required, so languages spoken and proficiency are important things to keep track of both for patient and other persons of interest.

If no language is specified, this implies that the default local language is spoken. If you need to convey proficiency for multiple modes, then you need multiple Patient.Communication associations. For animals, language is not a relevant field, and should be absent from the instance. If the Patient does not speak the default local language, then the Interpreter Required Standard can be used to explicitly declare that an interpreter is required.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

• rim: n/a
• rim: LanguageCommunication
• interface: ParticipantLiving.communication
• cda: patient.languageCommunication

• rim: n/a

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
  extension.exists() != value.exists()

• rim: n/a
• rim: N/A

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

• ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
  hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
• ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
  extension.exists() != value.exists()

• rim: n/a
• rim: N/A